Validate, normalize, identify specific times of success, and instill confidence (PBIS World, n.d). Whenever Ray seems to start shutting down, follow those steps. For example, when he says that he would rather watch than sing, I would say, “Yes, it is hard to sing in front of your friends. Everyone feels that way sometimes. Remember last week, though, when you sang a little bit? It looked like you were having a lot of fun! I know you can do it now too!”.