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SonyaMezzinaImmune (lymphatic capilliaries structure (lymphatic…

- - - - Activated B cell and plasma cells produce proteins called antibodies
        
        Antibodies have two sites built into it with the same binding specificity as the receptors of the activated B cell.
        
        Binding of an antibody to its matching antigen forms an antigen-antibody complex
        
        Neutralization: antibodies block sites on a pathogen and prevent it from attaching to body cells
        
        Agglutination: cells clump together since antibodies have two binding sites, each can bind to a different antigen
        
        Precipitation: soluble molecules are cross linked and become too large to stay in solution
        
        Complement: leads to lysis of the cell. Also enhances inflammatory response.
  - - - helper T cells: direct adaptive immune response by activating B cells, other T cells, and macrophages
      - regulatory T cells: slow down the immune response once a foreign antigen is eliminated
      - cytotoxic T cells: destroy abnormal cells and eliminate them from the body
- - - - Chemicals released during inflammatory response:
        
        Cause local arterioles to dilate for ^ blood flow to area and ^ delivery of materials to cells
        
        ^ capillary permeability allowing clotting factors into interstitial space
        
        ^ phagocyte production: phagocytes passing through capillaries leave blood and enter interstitial space to engulf pathogens and cell debris
- - - - Thymus: T cell maturation
      - Red bone marrow: B cell maturation
      - At end of training/maturation: lymphocyte will have a cell surface receptor (immunocompetent), will only recognize foreign antigens (self-tolerant), will be sent to secondary lymph organ
- - - - lymphatic trunks
        
        right lymphatic duct receives lymph from:
        
        right internal jugular vein
        
        right subclavian vein
        
        right upper limb
        
        right side of head and neck
        
        right side of thorax
        
        thoracic duct receives lymph from rest of body
        
        left subclavian vein
        
        left internal jugular vein
      - lymph nodes