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Civilization (Greece (Social Classes (Wine was wealth, property owning…
Civilization
Greece
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Job specialization
Grain farming was taken over by cultivation of grapevines and olives and the wine production switched to industrial farming. The wine produced was specifically a commercial product. (p 53-54)
Social Classes
Wine was wealth, property owning classes were categorized according to vineyard holdings. Classes were divided based on how much land someone had. (p 54)
The wine was also used to make social distinctions based on if the wine was homegrown or if it was a foreign wine. People could distinguish you by your class with the wine you drank. Wine that was foreign showed more wealth because you could afford it since it was so expensive to transport. (p 55)
Wine
Wine drinking was synonymous with civilization and refinement, the type of wine you drank determined how cultured you were (p 56)
Wine was believed to have the power to clean and purify since it contained antibacterial agents that were liberated during fermentation. (p 59)
Art
At symposiums, the men present would discuss about different topics such as politics and philosophy, but they would also play games and improvise poetry and music (p 52)
Rome
Governemt
By the end of 2nd century BCE the Romans had become the most powerful civilization in the Mediterranean. ( p 69)
They were more dominant than the Greeks but yet still continued to use their customs, literature and worship their Greek gods.
After successful campaigns, farmland was rewarded to Roman soldiers (p 70)
Roman politician Marcus Antonius found himself on the wrong side of Rome's interminable power struggles. Gaius Marius had seized power and was hunting down supporters of rival. Marcus was found hiding at a lower class persons home and was killed by Gaius. (p 74-75) This shows that they had people wanting to take control and want to get rid of anyone who might be in competition with them
Public Works
Wine was so popular that subsistence farming could not meet demand. Farmer was displaced by a more commercial approach. The created large villa estates that were operated by slaves. (p72). Without the slaves, farmers would not be able to keep up with the wine demand.
Wine
Finest wine was Falernian, it was the wine of the elite because it was so expensive that not just anyone could afford it. (p 76)
Social Classes
Wine was also regarded as a staple amongst Roman's. Wine became a symbol of social differentiation, a mark of wealth (p 75)
Religion
Myth about Bacchus, the Roman version of the Greek god Dionysus is said to supposedly have covered Mount Falernus with vines in gratitude of a farmer who offered him shelter for the night. (p 76). Just like the Greeks, the Roman's also had their myths about how wine became available to humans.
A factor in maintaining the wine drinking culture was its close association with Christianity, this elevated wine to a position of utmost significance. (p 85)