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Marvin HT_eric_hites_1_jt_150723_12x5_992 (References (Perkonigg, A.,…

- - - - Examples Relating to Case
        
        How it will be Utilized for Treatment
        
        The occupational therapist working with Marvin can utilize some of the techniques such as de-catastrophizing and creating goal oriented tasks to increase his confidence and sense of achievement.
        
        Motivation peaks when somoene is internally satisfied, so starting with a small goal such as bathing daily and keeping up the appearance of both himself and his home will create a base of support that will help the client feel grounded. From this point he can pursue more complex goals such as the job he fears losing, and his 2 kids that he is worried about (Cole & Tufano, 2008).
        
        Marvin has adjustment disorder which impedes his ability to rationally respond to situations. He is also overweight from eating unhealthy and is developing maladaptive habits since separating from his wife. He is unable to manage his emotions and reverse these bad habits.
        
        Marvin is angered by uncleanliness in the home and is too overwhelmed to combat his situation. He also does not bathe or shave and this may be contributing to his overall feeling of discontent.
        
        The goal for the cognitive behavioral frame of reference is starting with the mindset and creating reasons for the client to both want and pursue positive change. His frustration with his dirty home indicates that he still cares about change, he just does not know how to get there (Cole & Tufano, 2008).
      - The importance of utilizing the cognitive behavioral frame of reference, or any reference at all, is that it provides a framework for how to evaluate a client and provides a direction for the therapist to take the client.
        
        This specific frame of reference provides useful techniques for self-management that occupational therapists can use in order to address the barriers a client may be facing (Cole & Tufano, 2008).
        
        The occupational therapist's job here would be to break the cycle. After realizing factors such as habituation and maladaptive behaviors, the job of the occupational therapist utilizing this frame of reference is to initiate positive behaviors and therapeutic techniques for the client.
        
        Techniques used by therapists include, but are not limited to, relaxation training, de-catastrophizing, challenging absolutes, visualization, thought stopping, and self-instruction (Cole & Tufano, 2008).
    - - Function and dysfunction are well defined to properly place the client. Function is indicated by their ability to reason, test, and develop realistic perceptions. Dysfunction presents with maladaptive behaviors due to learning, not due to a diagnosis (Cole & Tufano, 2008).
        
        The way to address barriers are through reinforcement. Motivation is key and that is achieved through internal and external reinforcement (Cole & Tufano, 2008)
- - - - Examples Relating to Case
        
        How it will be Utilized for Treatment
        
        According to Perkonigg, Lorenz, & Maercker, Adjustment disorder symptoms are more prevalent when an individual is increasing multiple stressors and less prevalent when a person has job security and a high amount of responsibilities at their job (2008).
        
        Job insecurity is a stressor in Marvin's life so interventions aimed at establishing job security and creating opportunities for job responsibilities will be pursued.
        
        Marvin participate in training for social and coping skills related to his job as a consultant. Marvin will also participate in hygiene and self care skills training related to making good impressions on his clients.
        
        The skills Marvin will learn in relation to his job will be generalizable to other aspects of his life and reduce symptoms.
        
        Marvin's dysfunction can be attributed to his context: the separation from his wife and child, his busy work life, and inability to meet home cleaning needs.
        
        "Adjustment disorder (AjD) refers to the clinical symptomatology that appears in response to an identifiable stressful event, such as separation or divorce, job loss, diagnosis of a disease, or family conflicts." (Rachyla, Pnrez-Ara, Molns, Campos, Mira, Botella, & Quero, 2018).
      - This model provides a framework that guides expectations, interventions, and goals for therapy.
        
        This model encourages the use of the five main intervention approaches (Establish/restore, adapt/modify, alter, prevent, and create) with a focus on context.
    - - "People & their contexts are unique & dynamic" (Cole & Tufano, 2008).
      - "Performance can only be understood via one’s context" (Cole & Tufano, 2008).
      - A person’s performance is defined by the transaction b/t the person and context" Cole & Tufano, 2008).
      - 4 main constructs – person, task, context, person–context–task transaction (Cole & Tufano, 2008).