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NC Native Americans: The First North Carolinians (Vocabulary Words…
NC Native Americans: The First North Carolinians
Vocabulary Words
Consensus- the discussion of a problem until almost everyone agrees to the same action
Conjurer- a medicine man
Matrilinial- refers to a society where the "line" is traced through the mother
Immunity- resistance to disease
Dialect- a variation of the pronunciation of words in a language
Clan- a group of people related by blood
NC Natives
It is believed that 34 separate groups lived in NC at sometime
By the 1500s they were well organized
The 3 largest groups that lived in NC at the time of Columbus were the Tuscarora, Catawba, and the Cherokee
Algonquian Tribes
Depended on fruits and fish and vegetables
Paintings by John White feature the Algonquian
Included Chowanoc, Pasquotank, Waccamaw
Catawba
Known for their burnt-black pottery
Moved across the Piedmont, including the Sapona and the Occaneechi
Spoke versions of the Sioux language
Connected to the Sioux of the Great Plains
Largest group in the Piedmont
Cherokee
Related to the Iroquois, but had been driven away from their homes.
During Woodland time:
controlled 40,000 square miles when the Europeans arrived
numbered 30,000 and had 3 main divisions- upper, middle, and lower
they settled in the mountains
Belief System
Many gods and spirits
Nature was respected and was the center of most beliefs
Believed in the Afterlife
Upper Life- Clean and Pure; represents order
Lower World- An area of disorder and change; home to cannibals, ghosts, wizards, and monsters
Plant Life
Corn- most important crop
Tobacco- Special plant used in Ceremonies
Plants are a friend of man and used used for food and medicine
Tuscarora
Used hemp to make rope and binding cord (Tuscarora means "hemp gatherers")
Connected to the Iroquois of New York
Lived in Coastal Plain, on Neuse and Tar Rivers
Correct form of posture was ensured by lacing infants to a board, results were well-shaped limbs
Family Life
Husbands went to live with the wife's family
Divorce allowed if both agree (common)
Most tribes had mother-centered families
Women in charge of fields, men in charge of hunt
Believed child was related by blood only to the mother (matrilinial)
Native Languages
Iroquoian- Coast to Mountains (Cherokee and Tuscarora)
Siouan- Piedmont (Catawba)
Algonquian- Coast
Government
Tribes governed by consensus, where most members agreed on a decision
Native Homes and Clothing
Wear little clothing; what they wore was made of deer skin
Shelter- (no tee pees) had longhouses or huts occasionally made out of log
Frame of poles covered with bark, bud, or branches
Has dirt floor with a fire in the middle