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Solid Waste Management 6 ((An urban growth boundary (UGB) or Urban,…
Solid Waste Management 6
Since comprehensive planning requires commitment of financial resources, it is reasonable to argue that the larger the state’s growth management expenditures, the more likely that the state has comprehensive planning. Under this hypothesis, it is also reasonable to believe that a state’s per capita personal income is a good proxy for the state’s financial commitment to state growth management legislation.
Further complicating the analysis is the idea that, as citizens become wealthier, the
demand for low density and high amenity communities increases, making growth controls efficient responses to these market pressures (Fischel, 1989). (em bairros)?
The price of land zoned for commercial purposes then goes up due to scarcity caused by zoning decisions.
An obvious limitation to restrictive covenants is the substantial increase in transaction costs as the number of individuals involved in the contract increases.
On the other hand, private contracts such as restrictive covenants prohibit incompatible land uses, minimize externalities, and elicit credible commitments from future landowners/homeowners, thereby allowing the minimization of uncertainty costs (Hughes and Turnbull, 1996)
Black and Hoben (1985) concluded that the restrictiveness of growth controls is positively associated with land and housing prices
The refusal by local governments to provide public services such as sewers, roads, and schools outside the USB allows savings largely due to the reduction in urban sprawl
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boundary, set in an attempt to control urbanization
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the USB is still a blunt tool to manage growth because, if it is too stringent, the USB can lead to excessive raise in housing prices and needless increases in density (Brueckner, 2000)
The positive relationship between land prices and distance to an edge city can be justified by “positive externality rents” (Richardson, 1977 cited by Nelson, 1993)
Nelson concludes that the price of land decreases as the distance to downtown increases, but less so than would occur in the absence of edge cities.
TDR programs are market-based alternatives and, therefore, entail less administrative costs then zoning (a command-and-control type of regulation)
Impact fees or exactions can be defined as “…payments or dedications made by a developer for the right to proceed with a project requiring governmental approval.” (Dresch and Sheffrin, 1997:
More conservative local governments will favor these market-based policies over growth controls because exclusion is less overt and government intervention minimized. The