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1905 Revolution (Process of the 1905 Revolution (December (troops back,…

- - - - Started in 1904
      - 1905 September: Peace Treaty signed
      - Russia defeated
    - - Tsar receives military education/ loves wars
      - Russia wanted Port Arthur
      - Trans-Siberian Railroad 1904
        
        Japan believed that Russia wanted to take over the East
      - To show military capability
        
        To submit Russia's people into the Tsar's rule
    - - Japan
        
        started to rise after Meiji Restaration
        
        New Navy
      - Russia
        
        Strikes, demonstrations
        
        Huge amount of loans
        
        Low living quality
    - - Food supply went shorter
      - taxes raised
      - military confidence lost
  - - - no parliament elected by people
      - no rights to form political parties
      - no freedom of speech/ censored newspaper
    - - People hated it, especially Ukraine
      - cultures, languages, religions
    - - Against opposers
      - Okhrana
    - - The spark of 1905 Revlution
      - 200,000 people, holding Tsar's protraits& religious symbols
      - Sunday, January 22, 1905
      - Met & slaughtered by Cossacks, Tsat not present
      - Started as a petition, led by Father Gapon
    - - Borrow money from other countries
      - Squeeze farmers
      - Forms of slums
        
        many young peasants were forced off their lands to work in factories
        
        workers lived in barracks
        
        dark corridors : 30 workers
        
        several families in one minute room, divided by flimsy sheets, almost no privacy
      - Poor working conditions
        
        Easy to get hurt
        
        Long hours
        
        Low rages
  - - - 1902 industrial slump
        
        thousands of unemployments
      - 1900 & 1902 poor harvests
        
        peasants starve
        
        outbreaks of violence
      - 1891 crop failure & cholera
        
        400, 000 deaths
  - - - aims
        
        a constitutional monarch like England
        
        form of a parliament elcted by people
        
        civil rights
        
        freedom of speech/ newspaper uncensored
        
        right to form political parties
      - support
        
        middle&educated classes
        e.g. teachers, doctors, lawyers, some industrialists
        
        some members of the gentry
      - tactics
        
        peaceful ways
        
        meeting, speeches, discussions,articles&books
        
        form a Party called Cadets
    - - aims
        
        get rid of the Tsar and his government
        
        give all land to the peasants to farm collectively in communes
      - support
        
        mainly appealed to peasants
        
        sometimes called the 'Peasants' Party
      - tactics
        
        propaganda
        
        to encourage revolution
        
        terrorism
        
        for collapse of the government
    - - aims
        
        to overthrow the Tsar
        
        to create a socialist state
      - support
        
        workers
        
        students
      - tactics
        
        1903 split over tactics
        
        Mensheviks
        
        led by Trotsky
        
        Lev Bronstein (Ukraine)
        
        son of rich Jewish peasant
        
        'The Pen'- great writer, extremely intelligent
        
        Founder of the Red Army
        
        Multiple times in prison
        
        ideology of party
        
        a mass organisation
        
        keeps growing until it takes power
        
        work with other groups
        e.g.trade union
        
        all worker can join in
        
        Bolsheviks
        
        led by Lenin
        
        Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
        
        son of a a school inspector
        
        deeply effected by the execution his brother, who invovled in the assasination of the Tsar
        
        1894 formed a Marxist party
        
        helped edit the Party newspaper Iskra('The Spark')
        
        led 1917 Revolution
        
        ideology of party
        
        small, secret, tightly disciplined party of social revolutionaries
        
        seize power when time is right
        
        a large party: risk of political spies
        
        revolutionary cells enter factories for propaganda
- - - - taxes to support the church/ orthodoxy
    - - multi-ethnic empire
    - - school, official, government, business
- - - - loss of military control
  - - - National groups
        e.g. Pole, Finns
        
        independence
      - The Jews
        
        equal civil rights
      - LIberals
        
        elected parliament
        
        freedom of speech
        
        right to form political parties
  - - - a parliament/ Duma elected by people
      - freedom of speech/ uncensored newspaper
      - right to form political parties