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Disorders of the pancreas- Acute pancreatitis (Medical management (Nursing…
Disorders of the pancreas- Acute pancreatitis
Assessment findings and symptms
severe epigastric pain (upper abdominal pain) radiating to the back. CT scans and X-rays help in confirming the diagnosis
Medical management
Nursing
Alleviate pain, administer fluids as well as nutritional support
Health education
Encourage bedrest as well as Hygienic practices to prevent infection
Surgical
Surgery is indicated for (i) infected pancreatic necrosis and (ii) diagnostic uncertainty and (iii) complications
Definition
Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas
Pathophysiology
The two types of acute pancreatitis are mild and severe, which are defined based on whether the predominant response to cell injury is inflammation (mild) or necrosis (severe). In mild pancreatitis, there is inflammation and edema of the pancreas. In severe pancreatitis, there is necrosis of the pancreas, and nearby organs may become injured.
Causes
Biliary Pancreatitis due to gallstones, constriction of ampulla of Vater
Alcohol
Idiopathic
Metabolic disorders: hereditary pancreatitis, hypercalcemia, elevated triglycerides, malnutrition
Abdominal trauma
Penetrating ulcers
Risk Factors
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, hypocalcemia , hyperglycemia and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, malabsorption due to exocrine failure