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Ch1-3 (Constitutional Democracy Ch2 (Framers (Sought to create a limited…

- - - - One that is subject to strict legal limits on the uses of power
      - Would not threaten the people's liberty
    - - Which the people would govern through the selection of their representatives
  - - - 1770
        
        1772
        
        1774
        
        1775
        
        1776
        
        1777
        
        2 more items...
        
        Thomas Paine’s Common Sense pamphlet John Locke’s Social Contract theory Declaration of Independence (motion made by Richard Henry Lee, of Va. to sever connection with Great Britain)
        
        National government
        
        1 more item...
        
        Mass. Olive Branch Petition
        
        British troopsand Massachusetts minutemen clashed at Lexington and Concord
        
        American Revolution had begun
        
        1st Continental of Correspondence
        
        Colonists met in Philadelphia to formulate their demands on Britain
        
        Colonist asked
        
        Their own councils
        
        End of British military occupation
        
        Guarantee of trial by local juries
        
        King George III rejected their demands
        
        Committee of Correspondence
        
        Boston Massacre "Incident of King Street"
      - Samuel Adams convinces colonists to prepare a list of grevances
  - - - Fundamental law that defines how a government will legitimately operate
        
        Method of choosing leaders
      - It is the highest law of the land
    - - Created a very weak national government
        
        Each state retained its full "sovereignty, freedom, and independence."
        
        Colonies been governed separately
        
        No judiciary and no independent executive
        
        Prohibited congress from levying taxes
        
        Have to ask the states for money
        
        Slow to arrive, if it arrived at all
- - - - Using this information to make political judgement
    - - Voting
      - Forming opinion
        
        Political issue
      - Contributing to political cause
      - Responsible citizenship
        
        What makes democracy
        
        Liberates individual
        
        frees them to make choices
        
        Provides opportunity
    - - Unwillingness of citizen
        
        Make effort
        
        Self-inform
      - Media consumption
        
        Counterproductive
        
        Modern communication
        
        Less trust worthy
        
        Misinformation spreads easy
        
        Political leaders "spin" messages
        
        Research show fault perception becoming more prevalent
    - - The study of government and politics
      - Increase one's ability to think politically
        
        Reliable information about the U.S. political system operates
        
        Systematic generalizations about major tendencies in American politics
        
        Terms and concepts that precisely describe key aspects of politics
    - - Widely shared and deep-seated beliefs of a country's people about politics
        
        Derived from a country's traditions
        
        Defines the relationship between citizens and government
      - Americans' core ideals are rooted in European heritage of the first white settlers
        
        Decade later drafted the Constitution of United States
        
        Leaders would be required to govern within a set of rules designed to protect people's rights and interests
    - - Liberty
        
        Principle that individuals should be free to act and think as they choose, provided they do not infringe unreasonably on that freedom and well-being of others
        
        American colonials had substantial self-determination
        
        Vision of a self-governing nation with “powers from the consent of the governed”
      - Individualism
        
        Commitment to personal initiative and self-sufficiency
      - Equality
        
        The notion that all individuals are equal in their moral worth and thereby entitled to equal treatment under the law
        
        Perplexing ideal in the early years of the nation, when some were free while others were enslaved
        
        Differing opinions on the meaning of equality persist
      - Self-Government
        
        The principle that the people are the ultimate source of governing authority and should have a voice in their governing
    - - Slavery
        
        1619 1st black slaves brought in America
        
        Lasted 250 years
      - Post-slavery "Jim Crow" era
        
        Legal segregation
      - Racial immigration and property restrictions
        
        1923 permanent ban on Chinese immigreation
        
        Prohibiting individuals of Japanese descent from purchasing property in state
        
        1965 discrimination against Asians eliminated from U.S. immigration laws
    - - Politics
        
        The means by which society settles its conflicts and allocates the resulting benefits and costs
      - Power
        
        The ability of persons, groups, or institutions to influence political developments
      - Authoritarian and totalitarian goverments
        
        Nondemocratic, repressive regime types
    - - Democracy
        
        A system in which the people govern, by direct or representative means
        
        In practice, it has come to mean majority rule through the free and open election of representatives
        
        Different from oligarchy
        
        Controls rests with a small group, such as top-ranking military officers or a few wealthy families
        
        Autocracy
        
        Control rests with a single individual such as king or dictator
      - Majoritarianism
        
        The majority effectively determines what government does
        
        Competition between Republican and Democratic parties
      - Pluralism
        
        The preferences of special interests largely determine what government does
      - Authority
        
        The recognized right of officials to exercise power
        
        In contrast, authoritarian governments repress opposition through intimidation, restriction of rights, and even imprisonment and physical abuse
        
        Authoritative decision
        
        Response to power asserted by the majority or special interests
      - Democratic
        
        A system of majority rule through elections; empowers majorities (majoritarianism), groups (pluralism), and officials (authority)
    - - Constitutionalism
        
        The idea that there are lawful restrictions on government’s power
        
        Restraints on the power of the majority
      - Legal action
        
        Of the courts as a means of asserting rights and interests
        
        The use Channel through which ordinary citizens can exercise power
      - In democracy
        
        Votes of majority prevail over the minority
      - Constitutional
        
        A system based on rule of law, including legal protections for individuals; empowers individuals by enabling them to claim their rights in court (legal action)
    - - A system that operates mainly on private transactions
        
        Some government intervention through regulatory, taxing, and spending policies
      - Tax rates are much lower in the U.S. than in European countries
      - Corporate power
        
        The influence business firms have on public policy
      - Elitism
        
        The power exercised by well-positioned and highly influential individuals
      - Free market
        
        An economic system that centers on the transactions between private parties; empowers business firms (corporate power) and the wealthy (elitism)