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Help-seeking: a problem-solving technique (Who? To whom do children turn…
Help-seeking: a problem-solving technique
Who? To whom do children turn when deciding to ask for help?
Availability: do children ask for help from busy adults?
Helicopter parenting vs. cellphone
Peers vs. adults?
Competency
Can we bolster by saying, "can you imagine how to solve this problem?"
Can this method increase transfer over simple demonstration?
Just fixing/solving vs. demonstration vs. "imagine" vs. no help
Or, after problem is solved, "Can you tell me how you did that?" (Aleven et al., 2003)
When? At what point in a problem do children decide to ask for help?
Under what conditions do children demonstrate sophisticated help-seeking?
Amanda suggests looking into Annette Henderson paper
What if you are taught to operate a machine and then it stops working?
Developmentally, what ages are most interesting to ask questions about help-seeking?
If given a problem where the method of solving has been presented clearly or obliquely, how do children react?
Why? Why are infants and toddlers motivated to solve hard problems, and why do some choose to ask others for help?
Mastery motivation
Asking for help: conflicts of gender and race
What contexts elicit help-seeking? Which discourage it?
Ask for help, or do it yourself?
Influenced by temperament?
Do kids tend to like to solve different problems using the same techniques?
Is it fun to solve problems together?
Self-concept/agency?
Demonstration might be easier if you have a stronger sense of self
Individual differences in motivation
Program project data?
What? In what ways, behaviorally, do infants and toddlers ask for help?
In infants
In toddlers
In children
What counts as a "sophisticated" request for help?
General frustration vs. specific need
Assess specifically where the problem is
Can test by asking "How can I help? What do you want me to do?"
This is referred to as instrumental vs. executive help (Puustinen, 1998)