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Organization (internal structures (party leaders, party in public office,…
Organization
internal structures
party leaders
party in public office
party council
party congress/ convention
central office (led by General Secretary)
local party branches
affiliated organizations
collateral organizations
individuals in parties/ intra-party structure
leaders
members
activists
supporters
membership
WHY?
basic platform for political participation
"physical" jobs require "physical" forums
differences between the different types/ models of parties; hybrid forms (e.g. US- no clear party membership)
reasons for membership
material incentives (esp. important to cadre and cartel parties)
Solidary (social) incentives -networking (esp. mass parties)
Purposive incentives- ideology (esp. mass parties)
social classes and membership
traditionally: working class predominantly, now: middle class
ethnic groups and immigrants: depends on the parties, traditionally some are more inclined to have immigrants/ ethnic minorities as members
intra-party democracy
candidate selection
party manifesto
selection of party leadership
party organizations
activities
mainly practical and organizational tasks