Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Organic Chemistry (The Molecules of life (Carbohydrates (sugars) (Alway…
Organic Chemistry
The Molecules of life
-
Carbohydrates (sugars)
-
-
It's monomers are mono- or di- saccahrides. A disaccharide is joined together using a glycosidic linkage
Examples of these are anything ending in -ose, which are simple sugars. Starch, chitin, cellulose and glycogen are all structural polysaccharides.
Lipids
-
They are always made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen and sometimes have nitrogen and phosphate groups.
Lipids store energy, make up cell membranes using phospholipids, and are in hormones, mainly steroid hormones.
Examples of lipids are fats, oil, wax, phospholipids that make up cell membranes, and steroid hormones.
Proteins
Amino acids are the monomers of proteins and there are 20 of them. They form peptide bonds to join together to form a polypeptide which then joins with other polypeptide chains to make a protein.
There are four levels of structure for proteins called the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. The changing of the shape of a protein is known as denaturing
They are made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur.
They are major structural components, enzymes, horomones, antibodies and help things to move.
Examples are the proteins in meat, eggs, dairy products, and plants
Nulcleic Acids
Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides which is made up of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base
Nucleic acids are always made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.
It functions as DNA to store information. It functions as RNA which allows for the cells to access and use the information using transcription and translation.
Examples of this are nuclear DNA, and nuclear RNA which has three types. Human cells have 46 huge DNA molecules called chromosomes.
-
-