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Kohlberg's Moral Development (Preconventional (Child's sense of…
Kohlberg's Moral Development
Preconventional
Child's sense of morality is controlled by authoritative figures (parents, teachers, etc).
Stage 1: Obedience-Punishment Orientation
Child's desire to obey and avoid punishment.
The worse the punishment, the more morally "bad" the act is perceived.
Children in this stage has not internalized society's conventions of what is right or wrong. They only focus on the consequences their actions may bring.
Stage 2: Instrumental Orientation
"What's in it for me?"
Right/correct behavior is defined as whatever the individual sees as their best interest.
Limited interests in the need of others.
For an example, a child is an incentive in gaining allowance from chores.
Postconventional
Morality is defined by abstract principles and values.
Realization that individuals are separate from laws and can choose to disobey.
Living by one's own ethical principles.
Stage 5: Social-Contract Orientation
World is viewed as holding different beliefs, values, etc
Laws are social contracts, not edicts.
Example would be the democratic government.
Greater good for the people!
Stage 6: Universal-Ethical-Principle Orientation
Obligation to disobey unjust laws.
Equality, dignity, respect.
Laws are only valid if they are justified.
Obeying because it is legal, expected and previously decided on. Very few people qualify for this stage.
Conventional
Morality is tied to personal/societal relationships.
Continue to accept authoritative figures..
Adherence to rules are rigid.
Stage 3: Good boy, Nice Girl Orientation
Children want approval and act in ways to avoid the disapproval of watching eyes. Emphasis on being nice.
Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
Children blindly accept rules in order to maintain stability within a society. Rules are seen as the same for everyone else.