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Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development (Level 1: Pre-conventional -…
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
Level 1: Pre-conventional
- Sense of morality is controlled and children accept rules made by parents and teachers. They focus on external consequences their actions.
Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist
Right behavior is defined in what's in their best interest.
Limited interest in the needs of others
"What's in it for me?"
Example:
A child only does a chore when his/her parent gives an incentive
Stage 1: Obedience & Punishment
Focuses on a child's desire to avoid punishment.
Example:
An action is perceived as wrong because the perpetrator got punished.
The worse the punishment the worse the action.
Level 2: Conventional
- Sense of morality is tied to personal and societal relationships. Children continue to accept rules of authority figures, and a rule's appropriateness or fairness is seldom questioned.
Stage 4: Law & Order
Children blindly accept rules because of their importance in a working society
Rules are seen as the same for everyone and fairness is rarely questioned
Obeying the rules is valuable and important
"If one person disobeys the rules, everyone would"
Have the obligation to uphold the law
Most people in society are in this stage.
Stage 3: Interpersonal Concordance
Children want the approval of others
"Good boy, Nice girl"
Emphasis is placed on good behavior and being "nice" to others
Level 3: Post Conventional
- Morality is defined in more abstract principles. People may believe that some laws are unjust and live by their own ethical principles.
Stage 5: Social Contract
World is viewed as holding different opinions, rights, and values.
All views/perspectives should be mutually respected
Laws are regarded as social contracts instead of rigid rules
Place importance on the "greater good"
Majority decision and inevitable compromise
Democratic government
Stage 6: Universal Principles
Moral reasoning is based on abstract concepts
Like: Equality, Dignity, Respect, etc.
Laws are valid only if they are just
People choose values that they feel are right, and make sure not to violate them