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Done Border Management (Comprehensive Integrated Border Management…
Done Border Management
Facts
Interior states: MP, CH, JH, HR, Telangana, Delhi
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India Myanmar
Boundary
Properly demarcated(1967), just a few pockets disputed
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Indo-Pakistan
Issues
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Trafficking: Drug(PB), Arms(Guj), Human(Raj) and FICN
Boundary
LOC/ Cease Fire Line : By 1948(Karachi Agreement) and 1972(Shimla Agreement)
Jammu to some portions of Leh
Actual Ground Position Line(AGPL) : 110kms long from NJ9842 to Indira Col(North Siachen).
High strategic significance
Highest militarised zone of the world.
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Current
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Border fencing completed till 2011 with fences electrified, connected to sensors, strewn with landmines and floodlights.
Cold Start Doctrine: Pak's adventurism will be answered by capturing part of Pak which will be used as a bargaining chip.
Facts
1947-2008: Indian army followed defensive strategy now Offensive-Defensive which includes developing covert capabilities.
2002-Operation Parakaram - After 2001 Parliament attack, an attempt of military mobilization
Threats
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Cultural Radicalism, Terrorist groups, mafias and insurgents patronised by countries
Cross Border Smuggling: Drugs, cattle, humans, artefacts, FICN etc
Indo-Bangladesh
Boundary
Indira-Mujibur Agreement, 1974 : Methods for demarcating disputed stretches
Land Boundary Agreement, 2015
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Radcliffe line published in 1947 - Random boundary, existence of enclaves, un-demarcated stretches and adverse possessions
Facts
Heavily populated, at many stretches cultivation till last inch.
Issues
Smuggling:
Of cattle, drugs, arms, humans, FICN
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Illegal immigration:
Push factors are under development, religious persecution etc.
Pull factors are India's accommodative society and huge economy
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Indo China
Boundary
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McMahon Line in Simla Agreement, 1914 signed bn British and Tibet admn.
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India-Nepal
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Open border since 1950 with equal rights in matters
of residence, acquisition of property, employment and movement in each other’s territory
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