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modalities of care (casting (leg cast nursing care (The nurse supports the…
modalities of care
casting
Short leg cast: Extends from below the knee to the base of the toes. The foot is flexed at a right angle in a neutral position.
Short arm cast: Extends from below the elbow to the palmar crease, secured around the base of the thumb. If the thumb is included, it is known as a thumb spica or gauntlet cast
Long arm cast:Extends from the upper level of the axillary fold to the proximal palmar crease. The elbow usually is immobilized at a right angle.
arm cast nursing care
When the patient is lying down, the arm is elevated so that each joint is positioned higher than the preceding proximal joint (eg, elbow higher than the shoulder, hand higher than the elbow).
To control swelling, the nurse elevates the immobilized arm.
Long leg cast:Extends from the junction of the upper and middle third of the thigh to the base of the toes. The knee may be slightly flexed.
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non plaster cast
Generally referred to as fiberglass casts, these water-activated polyurethane materials have the versatility of plaster (see later discussion) but are lighter in weight, stronger, water resistant, and durable
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plaster cast
The traditional cast is made of plaster. Rolls of plaster bandage are wet in cool water and applied smoothly to the body. A crystallizing reaction occurs, and heat is given off (an exothermic reaction)
leg cast nursing care
The nurse supports the patient’s leg on pillows to heart level to control swelling and applies ice packs as prescribed over the fracture site for 1 or 2 days.
The patient is taught to elevate the casted leg when seated. The patient should also assume a recumbent position several times a day with the casted leg elevated to promote venous return and control swelling.
The nurse assesses circulation by observing the color, temperature, and capillary refill of the exposed toes
body cast /spica cast
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Hip spicas are used for some femoral fractures and after some hip joint surgeries, and shoulder spica casts are used for some humeral neck fracture
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Traction
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Traction is used to minimize muscle spasms; to reduce, align, and immobilize fractures; to reduce deformity; and to increase space between opposing surfaces
skin traction
Skin traction is accomplished by using a weight to pull on traction tape or on a foam boot attached to the skin
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skeletal traction
this type of traction is applied directly to the bone and it is used in the management of the lower limbs fractures
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Joint replacement
joint operations are usually done to repair meniscal injuries sustained in sports or as aresult oof trama or degerative processes of sgeing,sprains,dislocations or to replace those joints destroyed in sport
risk factors
AGE;with the age, articular cartillage progressively wears off and synovial membrane decreases, this increases joint friction/, the joints become lax with reduced tone increasing risk of dislocation
TRAUMA; injury to the joint predisposes it to tears of the cartliaiginous disk and premature arthritis.
OBESITY; in obese people the weight bearing joints are constantly exposed to pressure and with time the joints may collapse, unable to carry the weight and signs of friction show up
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CONGENITAL JOINT DISORDER: they are present at birth and may be due to environmental,genetic or hereditory factors and occur early during the development of the foetus in utero
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