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congenital deformities of the foot (Genu valgum (causes (injury to or…
congenital deformities of the foot
Genu varum
A normal bowing of the legs in infants and young children
defination
Angular deformity of the proximal tibia in which the child appears “bowlegged”
management
Explanation of normal knee development
Its is normal and resolves spontaneously when the child is able to stand upright and start walking properly
health eduation
Explanation that shoe modifications and bracing are ineffective
Explanation that in an otherwise normal child, this condition will spontaneously correct itself
Review signs of developing genu varum for family
Genu valgum
also known as knock knees
it is present when the medial malleoli do not touch where the medial surface of the knee is touching
Appears in children between 2-3 years old
causes
injury to or infection in your knee or leg
bone malformation from rickets, a disease caused by lack of vitamin D and calcium
obesity, which puts extra pressure on your knees
arthritis in your knee joints
signs and symptoms
walking with a limp
knee pain
stiff joints
management
exercises to improve muscle strength, posture and gait
arch support device may also be used over a prolonged period
Talipes equinovarus(clubfoot)
defination
is a birth defect where one or both feet are rotated inwards and downwards.
Signs and symptoms
both feet are rotated inwards and downwards
The affected foot, calf, and leg may be smaller than the other.
causes
environmental factors
genetics
malfunction during gestation
Early amniocentesis
surgical management
Posteromedial Release (PMR) surgery
done through an incision across the medial side of the foot and ankle,
its extends posteriorly, and sometimes around to the lateral side of the foot
treatment
consist of gentle manipulation to the desired position
application of cast or tapes following manipulation
its is successful when started early
Pes cavus(clawfoot)
defination
is an abnormal high arch of the foot and often clawing of the toes
pathophysiology
the foot is short
and the bottom of the foot reaches the ground on the level heel and metartasal heads
there is increased pressure and callus formation on those areas that reach the ground
management
exercise may be advised to try and manipulate the foot into dorsiflexion
a brace may be orderd
in severe cases surgery may be recommended
Pes planus(flat foot)
defination
When the entire sole of the foot is in contact or near contact with the ground while standing, it is considered a flat foot
causes
Tarsal coalitions
Accessory navicular bone
Charcot arthropathy
Obesity
Osteoporosis
Neuropathy
signs and symptoms
aching of the knee, hip, and/or lower back
tilting outward of the heel
painful feet
strained and clumsy gait
management
exercises to improve muscle strength, posture and gait
proper shoe gear
over-the-counter inserts, custom functional orthotics
casting