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Health Psychology (Stress (Stress: "Negative emotional experience…

- - - - Lazarus Transactional Model of Stress
        
        "How we appraise stressor affects stress response " (appraisal = perspective, evaluation)
        
        Stressor
        
        Primary appraisal: + / -
        
        Secondary appraisal: what can be done
        
        Stress response: chronic / acute
        
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        Lazarus is appraised, so he is transected when he's dead. The insides determines the response
      - Conservation of resources model
        
        "People strive to retain, protect, build resources."
        
        Resources:
        
        threat
        
        stress response
        
        Bekker et al: job resources on employee engagement when job demand is high
        
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        lack of
        
        loss
    - - "Anything that causes stress endangers life, unless is followed by adaptive response."
        
        "Anything that causes stress triggers adaptive response"
        
        GAS: General Adaptive Syndrome
        
        Homeostasis
        
        Alarm stage: notices stress
        
        Resistance stage: coping mechanism (Adaptation)
        
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    - - Pets
        
        Lowers: blood pressure + heart rate
        
        Allan et al: Pets on stress reduction
        
        New York stock brokers: alone + taking hypertension drugs for stress
        
        Blood pressure test start and 6 months after
        
        No pet
        
        Give pet
        
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        Allan the rich ass meerkat helps stockbrokers deal with stress
      - Mindfulness
        
        Mental state:
        
        "Awareness of the present time"
        
        "Acceptance of feelings, thoughts, and bodily symptoms."
        
        MBSR: Mindfullness Based Stress Reduction
        
        Aitkens et al: Effectiveness of MBSR
        
        "Dow Chemical" employees
        
        Questionnaire (pre and post MBSR): perceived stress, mindfulness, resilience
        
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        Anthony Hopkins manages Dow Chemical company. He gives meditation advice to some, and ask around people about their stress.
- - - - Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Focuses on:
        
        Strategies: coping skills
        
        Cognition: identify and adjust dysfunctional thinking
        
        Behavior: identify and adjust behaviour
        
        Stahre et al: Effectiveness of CBT on obesity treatment
        
        Obese women: Swedish, 48.5 mean age
        
        10 weeks program, 18 months monitoring
        
        Weight loss program + CBT
        
        maintains weight loss
        
        Weight loss program
        
        lost and regain
    - - Biological determinants of obesity
        
        Stunkard et al: Genetics on obesity concordance rate
        
        Measure BMI of twins, concordance rate between pairs
        
        Monozygotic
        
        reared apart
        
        Higher concordance rate
        
        reared together
        
        Dizygotic
        
        reared together
        
        reared apart
        
        Sorensen et al: Genetics and family environment on BMI
        
        Adult Danish adoptees
        
        measure BMI, correlation
        
        Adoptee
        
        Adoptive parents
        
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        Biological parents
        
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      - Social determinants of obesity
        
        Family environment
        
        Haworth et al: Genetics and environmental factors on obesity
        
        Collect data from government
        
        Same sex twins
        
        10 year olds
        
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        7 year olds
        
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        Sedentary lifestyle
        
        Eating pattern
        
        Elliot: Packaging of food on eating pattern of children
        
        Meta analysis on 118 studies
        
        food promotion --> eating habits of children
        
        Eating pattern of children are mainly affected by promotion focusing on fun, fantasies, and taste, instead of health