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Four Major Types of Tissue (Connective Tissue (Loose (Adipose (Function:…
Four Major Types of Tissue
Connective Tissue
Anatomy
Extracellular Matrix
ground substance
fibers
elastic fibers
reticular fibers
collagen fibers
Mesenchyme: embryonic origin
fibroblast
fibrocyte
chondroblast
chondrocyte
mast cell
osteoblast
osteocyte
adipocyte
white (adult)
brown: heat generating tissue (infant)
Loose
Adipose
Function: a)nutrient storage, b)insulate, c)protection
Structure
adipocyte
fat vacuole
Location
b) hypodermis
c) around organs
a) fat call (adipoctye)
Reticular Fiber
Function: provides space for fluid/cells to flow through
Location
lymph node
spleen
Structure
mostly, reticular fibers
ground substance
fibroblasts
Areolar Connective Tissue
Function: support
Location
deep to epithelial tissue
surrounds blood vessel
Structure
elastic fibers
stretch & recoil
collagen fibers
strength
extracellular matrix
ground substance
fibroblast
produces ground substance/fibers
reticular fibers
provide structure
Dense
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Function: strength in many planes
Location
dermis
joint capsules
Structure
collagen fiber
strength
fibroblast
ground substance
Elastic Fiber
Function: stretch & recoil
Location
in walls of large blood vessels (aorta, etc.)
Structure
elastic fiber
stretch & recoil
ground substance
fibroblast
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Function: strength in one plane
Location
tendons
connect muscle to bone
ligaments
connect bone to bone
Structure
fibroblast
ground substance
collagen fiber
strength
Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Function: flexible, resilient, recoil
Location
ear
epiglottis
Structure
chondrocytes
ground substance
elastic fiber
perichondrium
Fibrocartilage
Function: tough, resilient, "shock absorber"
Location
intervetebral discs
Structure
collagen fiber
chondrocytes (fewer)
ground substance
Hyaline Cartilage
Function: flexible & resilient
Location
trachea
tip of nose
Structure
collagen fibers (very fine)
chondrocytes
ground substance
perichondrium
Bone
Function: structure
Structure
central canal
osteon
Canaliculus
lamella
lacunae
osteocyte
Location
bones
Blood
Function: transport
Structure
leukocytes (white blood cells)
thrombocytes ( platelets)
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
extracellular matrix (plasme)
Location
heart
blood vessels
Nervous Tissue
Neuron
Function: transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
Location
Structures
neuron process
nucleus
cell body
nucleolus
spinal cord
brain
nerves
Neuroglia
Function: nourish, insulate, protect delicate neurons
Muscle Tissue
Anatomy: "cells are..."
close together
large
muscle fibers
include some connective tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Function: voluntary movement (bones)
Location
connected to bones
Structure
sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
striations
Cardiac Muscle
Function: involuntary movement (blood)
Location
heart
Structure
intercalated discs
sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
striations
Smooth Muscle
Function: involuntary movement of contents of hollow organs
Location
in the walls of hollow organs
Structure
sarcoplasm
sarcolemma
Epithelial Tissue
Stratified
Squamous
Function: protects from abrasion
Location
mouth
vagina
esophagus
skin
Columnar
Function: protects & secretes
Location
male urethra
ducts of some glands
Cuboidal
Function: protective tissue
Location
salivary glands
mammary glands
sweat glands
ducts of glands
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar
Function: secretes mucous (ciliated tissue moves mucous)
Location
trachea
upper respiratory tract
Simple
Cuboidal
Function: secrete & absorb
Location
secretory portion of small glands
ducts
kidney tubules
Columnar
Function: absorption & secretes enzymes/mucous
Location
small intestine, villi
Squamous
Function: material passes by filtration/diffusion & secretes serous fluid
Location
blood vessels
lining of heart
lymphatic vessels
air sacs of lung
mesothelium
Transitional
Function: urinary organs expand/stretch & protective barrier
Location
urethra
urinary bladder
ureters
Anatomy
Supported by connective tissue
Avascularity: no blood vessels
Polarity
Different surfaces: apical/basal surface
allow things in/out
Innervation: has nerves/many site receptors
Special Contacts
Desmosomes
strongest connection between cells
Gap Junction
places where movement is cell to cell
Tight Junction
prevent movement of things between cells
Regeneration: grows back
Cellularity: cells closely packed together