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regulation of blood glucose concentrarion (key words (study tips (lysis-…
regulation of blood glucose concentrarion
small, soluble molecule that is carried in the blood plasma
blood glucose can increase as a result of
glycogenolysis
glycogen stored in the liver and muscle cells is
broken down
into glucose which is released into the blood stream increasing blood glucose concentration
gluconeogenesis
the production of glucose from non-carbohydrates sources
the liver is able to make glucose from glycerol and amino acids this is then relisted into the blood stream which increases the blood glucose level
diet
When you eat carbohydrate-rich food such as paster and rice or sweet foods such as cakes and frute
The carbohydrates they contain are broken down in the digestive system to release glucose
Decreasing blood glucose concentration
respiration
some of the glucose on the blood is used b cells to release energy
this is required to perform normale body functions
however during exercise more glucose is needed as the body needs to generate more energy
glycogenesis
the production of glycogen
when the blood glucose is too high
excess glucose takes in through the diet is converted into glycogen which is stored in the liver
key words
glycogenphosohorylase
an enzyme that catalyse the addition of a phosphate group
glucose
a monosaccharide with the chemical formula C6H12O6
inslin
a hormone made by the pancreas
glucagon
a peptide hormone produced by alpha cells of the iles of langahnds
gluconeogenesis
The product of glucose from non carbohydrate source
glycogenesis
The production of glycogen from glucose
glycogensynthase
it is the key enzyme in glycogenesis
glycogenolysis
The process in which glycogen stored in the liver and muscle cells are broken down into glucose
glycogen
study tips
lysis- to split
neo-means new
genesis-birth/origin
roles of insulin
produced by the beter cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
if the blood glucose is to
high
:warning:
beter cells detect the rise in the blood glucose concentration
respond by secreting insulin directly in to the bloodstream.
when insulin binds its glycerprotine receptor
it causes a change in its tertiary structure of the glucose transporter
This causes
more
glucoses to
enter
the cell
insulin also
activates
enzymes within some cells to
convert
glucose
to
glycogen
and fat
insulin therefore lowers blood glucose concentration by:
increasing the rate of glycogenesis
insulin stimulates the liver to remove glucose from the body and
turn it in to glycogen
and store it in the liver and muscle cells
inhibating the realise of glucagon from the alpha cells of the islets
increasing the respiratory
rate
of cells increases uptake of
glucose
from blood
increasing the rate of
absorption
glucose by cells eg muscle cells.
increase the rate of glucose to fat conversion
roles of glucagon
produced by the alpha cells
If blood glucose is to
Low
alpha cells detect this fall in blood glucose connotation
responding by secreting glucagon into the blood stream
Only cells in the body which have glucagon receptors are the
liver
raises blood glucose by:
reducing
the
amount
of glucose absorbed by the liver cell
increasing
gluconeogenesis
increasing the conversion of amino acids and glycerol into glucose in the liver
glycogenolysis
Liver breaks down its glycogen stores into glucose