THE RUSSELL-EINSTEIN MANIFESTO
WHEN?
9 July 1955, in the midst of the cold war
WHERE?
The manifesto was presented in London during a campaign for the nuclear disarmament by BERTRAND RUSSELL and ALBERT EINSTEIN
PURPOSE:
it connects to history because it was during the cold war and its purpose is to highlight the dangers posed by nuclear weapons and to call for world leaders to seek peaceful resolutions to international conflict.
WHO?
In the document; signed by 11 other leading scientists and intellectuals, Einstein and Russell invited scientists from all over the world to come together to discuss the risks to humanity produced by the existence of nuclear weapons .
THE PUGWASH CONFERENCES:
The manifesto called for an international conference, and was originally planned to be held in India. Aristotle Onassis offered to finance a meeting in Monaco, but this was rejected The Russell–Einstein Manifesto became the Pugwash Conferences' founding charter. The first of the conferences was held in July 1957 in London.
THE COLD WAR:
The Cold War was a long period of tension between the democracies of the Western World and the communist countries of Eastern Europe. The west was led by the United States and Eastern Europe was led by the Soviet Union. These two countries became known as superpowers. it started in 1947 and lasted until 1991
Russell reading the manifesto
Albert Einstain's signature
JOZEF ROTBLAT
BERTRAND RUSSELL
ALBERT EINSTEIN
Among the editors of the Manifesto there was also Joseph Rotblat , a famous scientist. Rotblat directed the Manifesto presentation press conference in Caxton Hall , London. In 1995 he won the Nobel Peace Prize
QUOTE:
"remember your humanity and forget about the rest"
QUOTE:
"Imagination is more important than knowledge."
born in 1879 Einstein is a german physicist, who developed the theory of relativity. in 1921 he won the Nobel Prize for physics
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, born in 1872, was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate.
QUOTE:"The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, but wiser people so full of doubts"
REFESENCE LIST:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%E2%80%93Einstein_Manifesto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1995/rotblat/lecture/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1995/rotblat/lecture/
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Rotblat
-ISM
the main ism that this manifesto is concerned about is communism and anti-communism
COMMUNISM:
Communism is an ideological and a social political movement. Its aim is to set up a communist society. This society would be based on the common ownership of the means of production and would lack social classes, money, and a state.
the manifesto represents all the scientists against the cold war and any mankind whose life could be threatened by it