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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (Muscular system…
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Skeletal system
Consist of 206 bones divided into four
Long bones
For example furmur
Shaped like rods
Contain shaft,diaphysis which has two ends
Ephiphysis which are primarly cancellous
Ephiphysial plate separatethe ephiphysis from shaftand Serves a centre for growth
Short bones
For example metacarpals
This bones are similar to long bones
Flat bones
For example scapula
Made of cancellous tissue
Protect vital organs
Sites for haematopoeisis
Irregular bone
Cancellous
Their shapes arevery much adapted to function mainly for attachment
For example vertebral column
Bone formation
It is called oesteogenesis
Takes place through a process known as ossification
Whereby the bone matrix is formed and hardening minerals such as calcuim and phosphorus are deposited on the collagen fibres
Main functions of bones
Provide framework for the body structure
Protect deligate vital organs such as brain and lungs
Provide attachment to muscles
Store calcuim,phosphate and magnesium floride
Bony structures
provide protection for vitl organs
Bony skeletons
provide a study framework to support body structures
Bone matrix
Stores calcuim, magnesium and flouride
Muscular system
Smooth muscle
Found in the walls of the blood and vessel
Cardiac muscles
Found in the heart to produce rythmic contractions of the heart
Striated or skeletal muscle
Attached to the skeleton to produce movements,hence the musculoskeletal system
Striaped like sprindle shaped muscles
Bulge gentle about halfway along their length
When they contract they draw the attached structures together
Fan shaped muscles
Fibres spread out from one origin to different attachment points
Found on flat bones eg scapula
Curcular muscles
Found around orifices forming sphinters
Contractions resultin the closure of the oriforce
Have origin and attachment point
Joints
A junction or a pont whereby two or more bones meet
Types of movabble joints
Ball and socket joint
Allow for free full range of movement
Abduct,extend,adduct and curcumduct
Hinge joints
Allows bending in one direction
Knee and elbow joints
Pivot joints
Allow rotation movement of the thumb
Gliding joint
Allow limited movement in all directions
Found in the wrist and ankle