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Potassium Abnormalities (HYPOKALAEMIA (Clinical features (Palpitation,…
Potassium Abnormalities
HYPOKALAEMIA
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Causes
GI losses (e.g. V&D, intestinal fistula, decreased gut absorption
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Other
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Excess insulin (increased activity of Na/H pump --> increased Na/K exchange --> increased intracellular K)
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Management
- Identify & treat underlying cause
- Stop meds that will worsen hypoK
2.5 OR no Sx: Give oral K+ (e.g. KCl oral)
< 2.5 OR symptomatic: Give IV K (max infusion rate: 10mmol/hr in peripheral line OR 20mmol/hr in central line)
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HYPERKALAEMIA
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Management
- Stabilise the cardiac membrane: IV calcium gluconate 2 ampoules
- Move K+ into cells: IV glucose-insulin infusion OR salbutamol OR sodium bicarbonate
- Remove K+ from the body: frusemide OR dialysis OR calcium resonium
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Causes
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Increased total body K+
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K+ sparing diuretics, ACEi/ARB, heparin
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