Chapter 4

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

Nervous Tissue

Specialized Structures

Classification

Functions

Characteristics

Types

Surface Features

Characteristics

Functions

Classification

Muscle Tissue Types

Neurons- specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses

Glia Cells- surround neurons and provide support for and insulation between them

Cellularity- composed almost entirely of cells

Attachment to basement membrane- bound to complex molecules produced by underlying connective tissue

Polarity- apical surfaces

Avascularity- lack blood cells

Squamous- flat, wide cells

Cuboidal- cells as tall as they are wide

Columnar- slender, tall cells

Physical Protection-Protect internal and exposed surfaces

Selective Permeability- All substances leaving/entering body must pass through epithelium

Secretion- Exocrine Glands are specialized to secrete

Sensation- innervated by nerve endings to detect changes in external environment

Basement Membrane

Laminae

Reticular Lamina

Tight/Adhering Junctions

Desmosomes

Simple Epithelial- one cell layer thick

Stratified Epithelium- Two of more cell layers thick

Psuedostratified Epithelial- appears layered but is not

Innervation- richly innervated to detect changes in the environment

High regeneration capacity- regenerate quickly when damaged

Physical protection- protects and cages organs

Support and Structural Framework- provides bone framework

Binding- binds structures to ligaments, muscles, and bones

Storage- stores energy

Transport- carries nutrients, gases, hormones, waste, ect

Immune Protection- contains white blood cells

Connective Tissue Proper

Supporting Connective Tissue

Fluid Connective Tissue

Types of connective tissues are complex, but contain three basic components: cells, protein fibers, and ground substances

Cardiac Muscle- involuntary muscle which maintains cardiac functions

Smooth- involuntary muscle that lines many organs such as the stomach and intestine

Skeletal- involuntary muscles responsible for movement

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Psuedostratified columnar epithelium

Stratified Squamous Epitheium

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Lateral- adhesion protiens (ex. tongue)

Basal Surfaces- noncellular sheet of protein

Apical- contains microvili, cila, and flagellum