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Tissues (Connective Tissue (General Function (Connect tissues together,…
Tissues
Connective Tissue
General Structure
Extracellular matrix
Ground substance
Fibers
Elastic
Reticular
Collagen
Widely spaced nuclei
General Function
Connect tissues together
Basis of skeleton
Store and carry nutrients
Surround blood vessels and nerves
Immune protection
General Characteristics
Formed from mesenchyme
Most cells produce extracellular matrix
Subtypes
Connective Tissue Proper
Dense
Elastic
Structure
Fibroblasts
Elastic fibers dominant
Location
Wall of large blood vessels
Within certain ligaments
Walls of bronchial tubes
Function
Recoil after stretcing
Pulsatile flow of blood
Regular
Structure
Strong in one plane
Parallel collagen fibers
Fibroblasts
Collagen fibers dominant
Function
Attach
Muscle to bone (tendon)
Muscle to muscle
Bone to bone (ligament)
Location
Tendons
Ligaments
Aponeuroses
Irregular
Structure
Fibroblasts
Strength in every plane
Irregularly arranged collagen fibers
Collagen fibers dominant
Function
Structural strength
Location
Deeper layer of dermis
Fibrous capsules of organs and joints
Submucosa of digestive tract
Loose
Reticular
Location
Lymphoid organs
Lymph nodes
Bone marro
Spleen
Structure
Cells
Fibroblast
Dominant fiber
Reticular
Function
Provides structure
Forms internal skeleton
Adipose
Location
Hypodermis
Around
Kidney
Eyeballs
Organs
Abdomen
Breasts
Function
Nutrient storage
Insulation
Support/protect organs
Structure
No fibers
Little ground substance
Cell
Adipocyte
Fat vacuole
Areolar
Function
Support other tissue
Holds fluid
Immune defense
Structure
Cells
Fibroblast
Macrophages
Mast cells
Leukocytes
Fibers
Reticular
Collagen
Elastic
Location
Deep to epithelial tissues
Surrounding blood vessels and nerves
Forms of lamina proper of mucus membranes
Cartilage
Hyaline
Structure
Perichondrium
Chondrocyte
Lacunae
Collagen fibers dominant
Function
Supports
Reinforces
Resists compressive stress
Resilient
Flexibile
Location
Trachea
Tip of nose
Embryonic skeleton
Covers ends of long bones
Costal cartilage
Ribs
Larynx
Elastic
Structure
Elastic fibers dominant
Perichondrium
Chondrocyte
Lacunae
Function
Recoil
Flexible
Resilient
Maintains shape
Location
External ear
Epiglottis
Fibrocartilage
Structure
Thick collagen fibers
No perichondrium
Chondrocytes
Lacunae
Function
Flexible
Resilient
Tensile strength
Absorbs compressive shock
Location
Intervertabral discs
Pubic symphysis
Discs of knee joints
Blood
Function
Transportation
Respiratory gases
Nutrients
Other substances
Structure
Fluid matrix
Plasma
Cells
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Leukocytes
Location
Within blood vessels
Bone
Compact
Structure
Osteocytes
Osteon
Central canal
Lamella
Canaliculi
Lacunae
Collagen fibers
Function
Support
Protection
Structure
Lever for muscles
Mineral storage
Blood cell formation
Location
Bones
Spongy
Structure
Trabeculae
Function
Bone marrow storage
Blood cell formation
Mineral storage
Strength
Flexibility
Location
Ends of long bones
Vertebrae
Ribs
Skull
Epithelial Tissue
General Function
Form selective barriers
Line/cover external/internal surfaces/organs/glands
General Structure
Lumen
Apical surface
Basal surface
Basement membrane
General Characteristics
Cellularity
Special contacts
Cell junctions
Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions
Polarity
Supported by connective tissues
Avascularity
Innervation
Regeneration
Subtypes
Cuboidal
Simple cuboidal
Function
Secretion
Absorption
Location
Kidney tubules
Ovary surface
Ducts
Glands
Secretory portion
Structure
Single layer
Nuclei
Spherical
Central
Stratified cuboidal
Structure
Multiple layers
Function
Protection
Location
Ducts of glands
Glands
Sweat
Salivary
Mammary
Squamous
Stratified squamous
Location
Keratinized
Epidermis
Non-keratinized
Lining
Esophagus
Mouth
Vagina
Function
Protection
Structure
Multiple layers
Thickest epithelial tissue
Can be keratinized
Simple squamous
Structure
Single layer
Location
Mesothelium
Air sacs of lungs
Lining
Heart
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Central body cavity
Kidney glomeruli
Function
Diffusion
Filtration
Serosae
Lubrication
Columnar
Simple columnar
Function
Absorption
Secretion
Mucus
Ciliated version
Propels
Mucus
Reproductive cells
Location
Ciliated
Bronchi
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Non-ciliated
Digestive tract
Gallbladder
Excretory ducts
Structure
Single layer
Round to oval nuclei
Goblet cells
Cilia
Villus
Microvilli
Brush border
Stratified columnar
Structure
Multiple layers
Function
Protection
Secretion
Location
Male urethra
Ducts of some glands
Pseudostratified columnar
Location
Ciliated
Trachea
Upper respiratory tract
Nonciliated
Ducts
Sperm-carrying
Structure
Goblet cells
Cilia
Single layer
Differing heights
Nuclei at different layers
Function
Mucus
Secretion
Propulsion
Transitional
Structure
Dome-like surface cells
Function
Stretches
Permits distension
Location
Ureters
Bladder
Portion of urethra
Muscle Tissue
General Function
Body Movements
Contract & elongate
General Characteristics
Composite tissue
Nomenclature
Cells = fibers
Plasma membrane = sarcolemma
Cytoplasm = sarcoplasm
General Structure
Large cells
Parallel
Close together
Contains connective tissue
Myofilaments
Subtypes
Skeletal
Structure
Striations
Multinucleate
Function
Voluntary movement
Locomotion
Environmental manipulation
Facial expressions
Location
Attached to bone or skin
Cardiac
Location
Walls of heart
Function
Propel blood
Involuntary control
Structure
Branching
Striations
Intercalated discs
Uninucleate
Smooth
Function
Propulsion of objects along internal passageways
Involuntary control
Location
Walls of hollow organs
Structure
Spindle-shaped
Central nuclei
No striations
Nervous Tissue
Location
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Structure
Cells
Neurons
Processes
Axons
Dendrites
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Glial
Function
Regulation
Control body functions
Transmit electrical signals