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Integumentary System Chapter 5 (Integument functions (Protection (cushions…
Integumentary System Chapter 5
Integument functions
Protection
cushions organs and protects from bumps, chemicalswater loss and UV radiation
Body temperature regulation
capillary network and sweat glands regulate heat loss
Excretion
urea, salts, water loss through sweat
Produce Vitamin D
epidermal cells use UV radiation to synthesize vitamin D
Sensory receptors
contains sense organs associated with nerve ending
Stratum layers of epidermis
Stratum granulosum
few layers of keratinocytes
Stratum lucidum
only in thick skin
clear layer
Stratum spinosum
spiny layer
contains intermediate filaments & star shaped dendritic cells
Stratum croneum
horny layer
thick layer of dead keratinocytes and thickened plasma membranes
protects skin against abrasion and penetration
Stratum basale
2 layers of the dermis
papillary
includes dermal papillae
lie on dermal ridges
increase surface area for exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes
Reticular
deeper layer
80% of thickness of drmis
dense irregular connective tissue
has cleavage line
separation between c0llagen fibers
collagen fibers give skin its strength
flexure lines
deep creases in palms, wrists, soles, fingers and toes
rich nerve supply
tissues in subcutaneous layer
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
deep to skin
contains areolar and adipose connective tissue
anchors skin to underlying structures
helps inulate the body
different distributions for males and females
Structures derived from epidermis
nails
hard keratin
hair
flexibale strand of dead, keratinized cells
root
shaft
hair follicles
from epidermis to dermis
hair bulb
deep expanded end of hair follicle
root plexus
knot of sensory nerves around hair bulb
Steps in integument repair and regeneration
epidermal cells migrate over meshwork produced by fibroblasts
fibrin clot breaks up
scab sheds
fibroblast cntinue to create scar tissue and will gradualy elevate overlying epidermis
Scab forms
germinative cells encircle wound, increases blood flow
phagocytes clean site
clotting edges partially isolate are
Bleeding
at injury site
mast cell triggers inflamatory response