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Democracy and Participation (Enhancing Democracy (More education,…
Democracy and Participation
Democracy
PROS
Popular participation
Controls government power
Protects freedoms and minorities
CONS:
Slow to make a decision
Leads to One Party State
Culture/Economics more important
Direct VS Indirect Democracy
Direct Democracy
Voting on a particular issue eg. EU referendum. Regular and ongoing
Indirect Democracy
Voting for a representative eg. General election. Infrequent and brief.
Low Turnout
KEY TERM:
Participation Crisis
Reasons:
Lack of Knowledge
Corruption from Media
Lost faith in MPs
No variety
15% for Police Commissioner in 2012
Enhancing Democracy
More education
Compulsory Voting
Proportional Representation
Votes at 16
Online Votes
More local powers
Citizens Rights
ECHR
Aims to maintain peace (set up following WW2) Includes various freedoms eg. freedom of speech, right to a fair trial.
Equality Act
Protects people from discrimination in the workplace and wider society eg. allows claims for gender pay discrimination
Human Rights Act
All public bodies are obliged to respect human rights
Magna Carta
One of the founding pieces of legislation which states that everyone, including political leaders, must obey the law.
Franchise Reforms
Chartist Reforms
Annual elections , MPs to be paid (allowing lower class citizens to stand), All men to get the vote, End to regional differences, Secret Ballot
1832 Reform Act
allowed 1 in 5 men the vote - those who owned property and earned £10+ per year
1928
Full adult suffrage
1918
All men over 21 and women over 30 given the vote
1969
Voting age lowered to 18
No Vote
Non-British Citizens
Prisoners
Under 18s
Pressure Groups
An association which aims to influence government
Sectional Groups:
British Medical Association
National Union of Teachers
Confederation of British Industry
Social Movements:
Fair Trade
Free Love
Black Lives Matter
Cause/Issue Groups:
WWF
RSPB
GreenPeace
Think Tanks
No regulations to set up a Think Tank, unlike a Political Party, which costs £150.
Aims to influence rather than directly campaign
Generally identify with a particular party
Initiate their own work, not on someone else's behalf
Individual VS Collective Rights
Sometime the two clash, eg. when the government are deciding how to treat terrorists.
Group of Society = Collective Rights. For example, Workers rights or Gay rights
Human rights = Individual Rights
. Apply to everyone no matter what their background
Corporations
Owned by shareholders who can influence government
Big control over the media.
Lobbyists
Acts on behalf of pressure groups
Push for discussion and debate
Can sponsor a Think Tank