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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS (RISK FACTORS (Mumps after puberty,…
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS
RISK FACTORS
Mumps after puberty
Poor muscle tone
Cryptorchidism
Alcohol and drug abuse
Exogenous oestrogen
Prematurity
Inflammation associated with trauma.
ASSESSMENT AND FINDINGS
TESTES
Observe any filling of the scrotum.
Reported any pain and tension in the scrotum or the testes themselves.
Observe any change in the size of the testes.
PATTERNS OF MICTURITION
Frequency - especially at night ( nocturia), could be linked to urinary tract infection and sexually transmitted diseases
Composition and characteristic of urine. Haematuria and pyruria in cases of trauma and infection, smell, colour other constituents and amount are all important in actually linking the renal system and the male reproductive system for purposes of diagnostic
Difficulty in avoiding, pain or burning on avoiding(dysuria) and urgency, as is the case in urinary tract infectionand enlargement of the prostate
SEXUAL FUNCTIONING
Age of the patient
Stress levels
Chronic illness such as hypertension taking mellitrus and arthritis
Alcohol consumption and medication, all of which can decrease sexual desire and ability.
OBJECTIVE DATA
THE PENIS
The presence and position of the meatus to exclude hyper or hypospadias
If the patient is incircumcised, the prepuce or foreskin must retract easily over the glans to exclude phimosis and paraphimosis
THE SCROTUM
Rugae.
Size of testes.
Texture.
Symmetry and the presence of both testes.
THE TESTES
Swelling.
Mobility.
Masses.
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
SECRETION ANALYSIS
Smears can be taken for culture from the penis, anus and perineal areas to detect infecting organisms and their treatment.Prostate smears may also be obtained by massaging the prostate gland with gloved finger through rectum
A urine specimen for laboratory analysis is usually collected after digital prostate massage, as this may contain some amount of prostate secretions, cancer cells and tubercle bacilli
BLOOD STUDIES
Alkaline phosphatase can be used as a diagnostic test in men with prostate cancer to measure possible bone metastasis.
Prostate- specific antigen is a substance found in prostatic fluid with a function to liquefy semen.Elevated blood levels of prostate-specific antigens may indicate the presence of prostate cancer
SEMEN ANALYSIS
Viscosity
Semen pH
Sperm motility
Appearance
Sperm count
Volume
Fertility
NURSING CARE
Caudal or spinal anasthesia may relieve priapism. Cretain medications such as anticoagulants may be efffective when used immediately. Surgical appraoches include creation of the fistula between penis glands and corpus spongiosum.
The goal is to improve venous drainage corpora carvenosa while preventing ischemia that may result in the impotence. The injection of a solution phenylnephrine into the corpora carvenosa may reserve priapism.
DISODERS
Varicocele
Testicular cancer
Inguinal hernia
Hypospadias
Hydrocele
Cryptorchidism
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Prostatic smears
Cystoscopy
Semen analysis
Prostate specific antigen
Testicular biopsy
SUBJECTIVE DATA