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Obstruction of the urinary tract (Causes (Kidney stones, Tumours,…
Obstruction of the urinary tract
Urinary tract obstruction
is a blockage that inhibits the flow of urine through its normal path (the urinary tract), including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Causes
Kidney stones
Tumours
Inflammation
Pressure of a pregnant uterus
Enlarged prostate gland
Kinks and strictures in the uterus,bladder neck and urethra
Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the renal pelvis and calices due to accumulation of the urine as a result of obstruction to the outflow of urine, usually in the ureters.
Causes.
Tumour
Strictures
kidney stones
Common assessment findings
severe colicky pain
aching on flank or back
fever
chills
pyruria
haematuria
urinary frequency
incomplete urine emptiyng
Diagnostic tests
IVP
Cystoscope
X-RAY of the kidney and ureters
Surgical management
Aim is to treat underlying factors causes.
To drain urine in the renal systems.
Remove stones,dilatations of stricture and if the kidney is damaged.
common surgical procedures
Catheterisation
pyeloplasty
nephrostomy
suprapubic cystoscopy
nephrectomy
Nursing management
preoparative care
observations vital signs
monitoring of intake and output
measures to prevent infection
pain control
risk factors
gender
hereditary
age
immobity
inadequate fluid intake
diet rich in calcium
assessment and common findings
difficulty in passing urine
nocturia
blood in urine
decrease in urine output
diagnostic procedures
ultrasound
uinalysis
blood specimen
urine cultures
management
pre operative care
monitor vital signs
urinalysis
pain control
give analgesia
prevent infection
give antibioticts
health education
drink plenty of liquids
water
avoid use of certain drugs
alcohol
stop smoking
pain control
pathophysiology
failure of active transport
inability of to acidify urine.
tubular damage
intestinal fibroisis
glomerular sparing
