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California (Climate and Grape Growing (mountainous, lie at right angels to…

- - - - most widely planted
      - full body, cassis, spice, new oak
    - - California's own grpae variety
      - ripen unevenly
      - raising: full body, high alcohol, residual sugar. red and black fruits, dried berries, liquorice
      - underripe: herbaceous
      - rose: early-picked grapes
      - White Zinfendel: fruity, pale, medium-sweet, low in alcohol
    - - San Joaquin in Central Valley: simple, inexpensive wine
      - better: Montery and the North Coast regions, Napa and Sonoma: soft and velvety tannins, luscious body, high alcohol, blackberry, plum
    - - Russian River Valley, Los Carneros, Santa Maria Valley
      - styles range widely according to vineyard site and wine making practices
        
        light body, gamey, vegetal
        
        rich layers, ripe red fruit, sweet spice from oak maturation
    - - planted across the state, full body, rich
  - - - most widely planted
      - Central Valley: inexpensive ,high volume, fruity, low to medium acidity, toasty note from oak staves or chips
      - high qulity: full body, high alcohol, low acidity, oak, hazelnut, butter, pach, banana fruit flavours
    - - coastal regions: best, high acidity, ripe citrus
      - Central Valley: Affordable, fruity
- - - - Napa Valley AVA: most expensive vineyard, divided into a number of smaller AVAs
        
        morning fog and cool afternoon breezes from SanPablo Bay
        
        Los Carneros AVA
        
        most southerly
        
        cool enough for high-quality Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, sparkling wines
        
        Stags Leap District, Yountville, Oakville, Rutherford
        
        warm enough to ripen Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot,
        
        Rutherford: most structure and power
        
        Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
        
        ripe tropical fruit
        
        Saint Helena AVA and Calistoga AVA
        
        warmest daytime
        
        concentrated full-bodied
        
        cool air through the hill gap can retain acidity in the grapes
        
        Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel, Syrah
        
        above the fog layer, altitude
        
        facing west: Howell Mountain AVA
        
        warmer
        
        fuller body, higher alcohol, greater tannin, less richness
        
        Carbernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc
        
        Chardonnay, citrus, stone fruit
        
        facing east: Mount Veeder AVA