Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Sociocultural Approach in Psychology (Culture on Cognition and behaviour,…
Sociocultural Approach in Psychology
Individual and group
Conformity
(PGSS)
"Change in beliefs and behaviour in order to fit within a group."
Affected by:
Group size
Publicity of response
Self esteem
social categorisation (In-group/out-group)
Abrams et al: Social identity theory on conformity
50 psychology students (first year)
Asch's conformity test; 18 trials; 9 confederates correct, 9 wrong
Conditions
History students confederates + public answer
Psychology students confederates + public answer
Psychology students confederates + private answer
History students confederates + private answer
More likely to conform when with in-group (positive distinctiveness)
(publicity of response) More likely to conform when public answer
Father Abraham is a professor that reaches history and psychology.
Social Identity Theory
: CPP
"people don't have one personal identity, they have multiple social identities that correspond to group membership."
Mechanisms in social identity:
Social
C
ategorisation (in-group/out-group)
Social
C
omparison (strength and weakness)
Positive
P
ostive distinctiveness ("our group is better" bias)
Berry et al: collectivism and individualism on conformity
Culture on Cognition and behaviour
Social Cognitive Learning Theory (ARE)
"People can learn through watching models instead of experiencing firsthand."
Attention
Retention
Motivation
Self efficacy
Emotion towards model/behavior
Self efficacy (confidence in skills)
Identification /
social categorisation
Paluck: SCLT on conflict resolution
conflict between Hutus and Tutsis
1 more item...
Bandura et al: Gender of model on imitation of aggression (Bobo doll)
36 children, 3-6 years old
1 more item...
Consistency (of vicarious reinforcement / reward and punishment)
Stereotyping
(CGI)
"Social perception of an individual in terms of group membership."
Processes:
Processes:
Illusionary correlation "Assuming and believing two thing are correlated although they do not."
Confirmation bias "overlooking information that contradicts own beliefs"
Grain of truth hypothesis (generalisation)
Abrams et al: Social identity theory on conformity
Effects:
Conformity
Memory distortion
Martin and Halverson: Gender stereotyping on memory
5-6 year olds
shown 16 pictures, asked to recall
4 more items...
Social attribution theory
"Humans are social animals that need to understand the reason behind other's behaviour"
Attribution "
Assigning behaviour to a perceived cause"
Fletcher et al: attribution on relationship satisfaction
US undergraduates
questionnaire on relationship and its satisfaction
spouse good behaviour
2 more items...
spouse bad behaviour
2 more items...
dispositional: internal factor
situational: external factor
Culture
Culture:
"
Dynamic system
of rules established by a group to ensure its survival; which includes
attitudes, behaviour, and beliefs
.* BAB.
Cultural Dimensions
(MIISUP)
Uncertainty avoidance
Masculinity - femininity (achievement focused vs relationship focused)
Individualism - collectivism:
"People having loose ties, and looking after themselves"
vs
"people integrated into strong cohesive in-groups."
Berry et al: collectivism and individualism on conformity
Innuits: Canadian lone hunters (individualist)
Asch's conformity test: public vs private response
Farmers high conformity (especially public response)
They change based on group correspondence
Hunters low conformity
Temnne: African rice farmers (collectivist)
Wei et al: collectivism and individualism on conflict resolution style
600 managers in Singapore
Questionare: conflict resolution style
Singaporeans, Chinese, Japanese (collectivist)
Avoiding
Americans (individualist)
Dominating
Live in Singapore for a long time = avoiding (acculturation)
Power distance index: tolerance towards power
Indulgence vs restraint
Short term vs long term orientation
Cultural transmission
"Transmission of attitudes, behaviours, end beliefs to the following generation or from person to person."
Acculturation: "Internalising schema of another culture/group"
Enculturation:
"Internalising schema of own culture/group."
Cohen: culture of honour on insult
Participants: US university students
South (known for high culture of honour over generations)
Confederates bump and insult
Measure cortisol and testosterone; pre and post
3 more items...
North
Culture of honour: "High value on strength and reputation".
African
Man with with
berries
and Michael
Cohen
the lawyer has an issue with each other, because they are both very proud of their culture - they told
MIISUP
that they are going to
transmitt
their cultures
internally
and
externally
. So Laoshi
Wei
had to mediate.
Principles of sociocultural approach
Humans are social animals that has the need to belong.
Humans are social beings with a social self
Culture effects behaviour
Globalization and Identity
"Interconnectedness of people worldwide due to the growth of international exchange."
Assimilation (worldwide culture homogeneity)
Marginalisation (destruction of non dominant cultures)
Separation (non dominant groups reject dominant societies)
Integration (Share and retain culture)
Values are difficult to change
Adams: conversion of cultural values of US and Canada
14,000 participants (US and Canada)
86 value statements, agree disagree (e.g. Father is the master of the family)
Repeat on 1992, 1996, 2000
Values did not converge, gets more different overtime
