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Cancer of the urinary bladder (Risk factors (exposure to certain chemicals…
Cancer of the urinary bladder
definition
Cancer that forms in tissues of the bladder, the most signs common warning sign is blood in the urine. It is a disease which cells grow abnormally and have the potential to spread to other part of the body.
symptoms
Painful urination
Pelvic pain
Blood in urine
Back pain
Frequent urination
Causes
past radiation exposure
chronic irritation of the lining of the bladder
exposure to chemicals, especially working in a job that requires exposure to chemicals
parasitic infections, especially in people who are from and have traveled to certain areas outside the country
smoking and other tobacco use
Risk factors
exposure to certain chemicals
previous cancer treatment
being a man
being white
chronic bladder inflammation
increasing age
personal or family history of cancer
smoking
Types of bladder cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Urothelial carcinoma
Pathophysiology
Tumours of the bladder usually arise from the base of the bladder and involve the bladder neck and the ureteral orifices. Cancers of the colon prostate and the female reproductive system usually metastasise to the bladder and cause cancers there. Cancers of the bladder, like those of the kidney, metastasise to the lungs and bones. It has also found thatbladder tumours predipose to upper urinary tract infection.
Management
Surgical management
partial or redical cystectomyfor invasive carcinoma
renal artery embolisation to kill the tumour by cutting its blood supply
cystoscopy and transurethral resection of the bladder tumour if it is confined to the mucosa or submucosa.
Nursing management
provide care and support to improve the quality of life of both patient and family
control other symptoms that may exercerbate fatigue such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and anaemia to conserve energy.
provide patient with information about the diagnosis and outcome of the diagnostic test in a supportive manner
monitor intake and output