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Waves for Detection and Exploration (Echo Sounding (Time between the pulse…
Waves for Detection and Exploration
Ultrasound
It is possible to determine how far away a boundary is by measuring the time taken for reflected ultrasonic waves to return to a detector.
Uses in Industry
Detecting defects in materials without cutting into them
When an ultrasonic wave hits a boundary between two different media it is partially reflected
Uses in medicine
Pre-natal scanning
Detection of kidney stones and tumours
Producing images of damaged ligaments and muscles
Ultrasonic waves have a frequency greater than 20kHz, so they cannot be heard by humans
Echo Sounding
Time between the pulse being sent and the reflection being detected is used to calculate the distance travelled by the sound wave
distance = speed x time
Involves sending an ultrasound pulse into the water, which is then reflected back when it hits a surface.
The speed is the speed of sound in water (1500m/s)
Use of ultrasonic waves for detecting objects in deep water and measuring the depth of water.
This will find the total distance travelled by the pulse, which is then divided by two to find the depth of the water
Seismic Waves
P-Waves (primary)
Longitudinal waves
Travel at the speed of sound and are twice as fast as S-waves
Travel at different speeds through solids and liquids
S-Waves (secondary)
Transverse waves
Not able to travel through liquids
Produced during an earthquake
When seismic waves are produced, the difference in time between the arrival of p-waves and s-waves at different detectors can provide evidence
The Structure of the Earth