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disorders of the male reproduction system (penile (Aetiology (phimosis…
disorders of the male reproduction system
penile
phimosis: occurs when the penile foreskin is constricted over the glans making constraction difficult or impossible.
Aetiology
phimosis occurs in uncircumsised males, but can be congenital or acquired, as result of inflammation, infection or local trauma.
pathophysiology
foreskin goes into a spasm and constrict over the glans. constricted foreskin is not retractable, and the area under it cannot be cleaned leading to accumulation of smegma and later infection.
Assessment & common findings
assessment reveals oedema, erathema annd tenderness of the glans and purulent discharge around the opening, extreme pain is experienced due to constriction at the opening
conservative management
effective hygien is essential to prevent infection. the foreskin must be pulled back and the area washed with warm water and soap.after cleaning, the foreskin must be gentle returned to normal position,repeat this technic till inflammation subsides.
surgical management
surgical excision of the foreskin (circumcision)
Paraphimosis
occurs when the tight foreskin once retracted cannot be returned to normal position. the foreskin lies behind the glans penis.
Aetiology
this may occur as a result of masturbation, sexual intercourse, catheter insesion or cystoscopy, or after a vigorous cleaning of the glans penis.
Pathophysiology
failure to return the foreskin to its normal position results in impended circulation, which causes the glans to swell rapidly.
Assessment & common findings
there is constriction band over the glans and swelling and the glans is conjested.
Management
this consist of careful cleaning followed by a gentle attempt to return the foreskin to its normal position. and prescribed antibiotics and soaking in the warm water may relieve the condition
Circumcision
may be recommended for both Phimosis and Paraphimosis. circumcision is a surgical procedure in which part of the foreskin is removed, leaving the glans penis uncovered. this promotes repair and healing of damaged tissue and reduces risk of infections.
Ethical & legal issues
it is important to obtain consent for circumcision, it is important for the parents to be provided with information that will make them reconcile their decision to accept the western circumcision procedure rather than traditional.
Essential health information
Effective genital hygien is essential to prevent penile disorders
Patients must be given information about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and relationship between STIs and HIV/AIDS and how to prevent them
3.Following circumcision, men should be encouraged to eat protein-rich foods and drink water to enhance healing. personal hygiene is important to prevent wound infection.
Epipasdias & hypospadias
it is a rare congenital condition in which the urethral meatus opens dorsally on the penis. hypospadias is a congenital condition in which the urethra meatus opens on the verntral side of the penis, common locations includes the glans penis, penile shaft,penile scrotal junction and perineum.
Penile Cancer
it is a malignant tumour of the penis.it is a rare condition and accounts a small of cancers in men.it is a result of poor hygiene practices. treatmenet requires removal of cancerous tumour. some instances partial of total removal of the penis