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TESTICULAR AND SOCROTAL DISORDERS (Risk factors (Cigarette smoking by the…
TESTICULAR AND SOCROTAL DISORDERS
Undescended testes
Defination
is when the testes are failing to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before or shortly after birth
Retractile testes
Defination
A condition where the testicles descend to the scrotum but pull back to into the inguinal canal due to a hyperactive cremasteric reflex .
Ectopic testes
Defination
Occurs when the testes deviate from the normal descent route
Risk factors
Cigarette smoking by the mother or exposure to secondhand smoke
Alcohol use by the mother during pregnancy
Parents' exposure to some pesticides
Premature birth
Causes
Unknown causes
Clinical manifestations
there are no symptoms other than the absence of testicles in the scrotum (empty scrotum)
Assesment
Assess texture and fullness of scrotum
Assess the scrotum for any abnormalities
Scrotum of newborns should be assessed
Pathophysiology
Cryptorchidism is the most common abnormality of male sexual development.
Testis is not located in the scrotum
undescended , retractile or Ectopile testes will result
medical management
Anagesics to control pain
Surgical management
Orchidectomy is perfomed between ages of 9 and 12 months
Nursing management
Give anagesics as prescribed
Lie the patient on a suitable position
Lie the patient on a suitable position
Health education
Parents should examine their male infants
males on puberty should do testicular self examination
Testicular Torsion
It occurs when a testicle is mobile and the spermatic cord twists , cutting of the blood supply
Causes
Unknown causes
Risk factors
lifting heavy objects
puberty stage
Surgical management
Spermatic cord is twisted
Testicle is immobisised by sutturing the scrotum
Others testis is fixed to the schrotum
Medical management
Anagesics to control pain
Pathophysiology
Severe pain and nausea
Testis twist on the spermatic cord
Sudden swelling of the scrotum
Vomiting
Assessment and symptoms
pain in the affected testis
difficulty in walking
Nursing management
put patient on bed rest
Lie the patient on a suitable position
Give anagesics as prescribed
Health education
Avoid lifting heavy objects
References
Wood, HM; Elder, JS (February 2009). "Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer: separating fact from fiction". The Journal of Urology. 181 (2): 452–61
Ludvigson, AE; Beaule, LT (June 2016). "Urologic Emergencies". The Surgical clinics of North America. 96 (3): 407–24
