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Testicular and Scrotal disorders (Testicular cancer (Risks factors (family…
Testicular and Scrotal disorders
Testicular cancer
Defination
this is when a testicle contain several types of cells of which may develop into one or more type of cancer e.g. nongerminal tumours or secondary testicular tumour.
Cause
lymphoma
Risks factors
family history
occupational hazards
exposure to chemicals
mining oil and gas
leather processing
Clinical manifestations
mass or lump on testicles
enlargement of testicles
weight loss
general weakness
Medical management
agel filled prosthesis can be implanted
testicular carcinomas
chemotherapy
Vasectomy
defination
the igation and transection of parts of the vas deferense to prevent passage of sperms from the testes.
nursing management
encourage to keep follow ups with physicians.
encourage the patient to have the positive attitude.
monitoring the patient for response to and possible effect of surgery ,chemotherapy and radiation therapy.,
encourage the patient to participate in health promotion and health screaning activities.
assessment of patient physical and physiological status.
orchitist
definition
inflammation of testes caused by pyogenic viral, spiocheal, parasitic,troumatic chemical or unkown factor.
causes
parasitites
spirocheal
pyogenic viral
trauma
chemicals
unkown factors
medical management
If the cause is bacteria, viral or fungal therapy is directed at a specific infecting organism.rest,elevation of the scrotum ,ice pack to reduce scrotal oedema,antibiotics ,analgesics agents and antiinlamatory medication.
phathopysiology
The infection may cause reddened scrotal skin and oedema and extream tenderness of the testicles and fever .acute phase may last for a week.permanent sterility ma occur if both testes are affected,wheas decreased fertility may result if only one is affected.
epiddidymitis
Defination
infection of epiddymise that usually descends from an infected prostate or urinary tract .it may also develop as complication of gonorrhoea.
cause
chlamedia trachomatis
NURSING MANAGEMENT
scrotum elevated with folded towel
promote venious drainage.
Patient is placed in bed rest.
releave pain
administer analgesics
avoid sexual stimulation
local heat or bath may help
medical management
If the patient is seen whithin the first 24hrs after on set pain ,spematic cord may be infiltrated with a local anastetic agent to releave pain .both patners must be treated with antibiotics if epididymitis is from chiymedial infecten.
hydrocele
definition
it is a fluid filled sac surrounding a testicle that causes swelling in scratum.
clinicalmanifestation
painless swelling of both testicclesmen with hydrocele may experience discomfort from heavy ness of swollen scrotum,pain generally increase with size of inflammation.
causes
it can develop before birth usuallyfluid absorbed gradually within first year of life.