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DISORDERS OF THE KIDNEY (GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (symptoms (disturbed vision,…
DISORDERS OF THE KIDNEY
NEPHRITIS
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pathophysiology
Tubulointerstitial nephritis involves the immune-mediated infiltration of the kidney interstitium by inflammatory cells. The outcome can be acute or chronic nephritis. In acute interstitial nephritis, the tubular damage leads to renal tubular dysfunction, with or without renal failure
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risk factors
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having an immune system disease, such as lupus
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ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS
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symptoms
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pain in the abdomen, back, side, or groin
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pathophysiology
acute pyelonephritis results from bacterial invasion of the renal parenchyma.bacteria usually reach the kidney by ascending from the lower urinary tract..
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
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symptoms
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swelling, especially noted in the face, hands, feet, and ankles
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nursing assessment
headache, malaise, high fever
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nephrotic syndrome
defination
is a collection of symptoms which occur because the tiny blood vessels (the glomeruli) in the kidney become leaky.
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pathophysiology
Nephrotic syndrome is usually caused by damage to the clusters of small blood vessels in your kidneys that filter waste and excess water from your blood. Nephrotic syndrome causes swelling (edema), particularly in your feet and ankles, and increases the risk of other health problems.
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symptoms
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Severe swelling (edema), particularly around your eyes and in your ankles and feet
Foamy urine, which may be caused by excess protein in your urine
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renal failure
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pathophysiology
Firstly, the rate of renal blood flow of approximately 400 ml/100g of tissue per minute is much greater than that observed in other well perfused vascular beds such as heart, liver and brain. As a consequence, renal tissue might be exposed to a significant quantity of any potentially harmful circulating agents or substances. Secondly.
causes
Medication, for example, diuretics ("water pills") may cause excessive water loss
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risk factors
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diabetes, especially if it’s not well controlled
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kidney disdiabetes, especially if it’s not well controlledease
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