Intensity & Duration: prolonged rainfall, flood as higher chance of saturation & infiltration has been replaced by SOF. steady drizzle @ 0.5mm/hr & moderate @ 3mm/hr means ready infiltration. in A climates, i>f so flash floods (rapid rise in river lvls) occur bc high intensity, larger rain drops, more impact energy. displace soil particles, clog pores @ soil surface, overwhelming soil's ability to allow infiltration @ same rate, HOF. e.g. in 2010 Orchard flash floods, rain @ 50mm/hr