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epispadias and hypospadias (nursing management (give general anaesthesia…
epispadias and hypospadias
hypospadias defination
condition in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis, instead of at the tip
epispadias defination
a rare congenital condition in which the urethral meatus opens dorsally on the penis
causes and risk factors
inherit and family history
maternal age over 40
exposure to smoking and chemicals
surgical and medical management
physical examination as a diagnostic
repositioning of the urethral opening
straighten the shaft of the penis
pathophysiology
as the penis develops in a male fetus certain hormones stimulates the formation of the urethra and foreskin .hypospadias results when a malfunction occurs in the action of these hormones , causing the urethra to develop abnormally.
nursing management
give general anaesthesia before procedure
give analgesia after procedure
do dressing in case of bleeding
promote rest and sleep
assessments and common findings
opening of the urethra at a location other than the tip of the peniis
downward curve of the penis (chordee)
hooded appearance of the penis because only the top half of the penis is covered by foreskin
abnormal spraying during urination
health education
encourage personal hygiene
take medication as ordered
no tight pants until healing is complete
follow up check ups