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Patho CH13 Respiratory (Cont.) (General Manifestations of Respiratory…
Patho CH13 Respiratory (Cont.)
General Manifestations of Respiratory Disease
Sneezing, Coughing, Sputum
Sputum:
Yellowish-green, cloudy, thick mucus
Often indication of a bacterial infection
Rusty or dark-colored sputum
Usually sign of pneumococcal pneumonia
Very large amounts of purulent sputum with foul odor
May be associated with bronchiectasis
Thick, tenacious mucus
Asthma or cystic fibrosis, blood-tinged sputum—may result from chronic cough; may also be sign of tumor or tuberculosis
Hemoptysis
Blood-tinged (bright red) frothy sputum, usually associated with pulmonary edema
Breathing patterns
Eupnea
: normal rate
Kussmaul respirations:
deep and rapid
Wheezing or whistling sounds:
indicates obstruction in small airways
Stridor:
High-pitched crowing noise
Usually indicates upper airway obstruction
Breathing sounds
Rales
:
Light bubbly or crackling sounds, with serous secretions
Rhonchi:
Deeper or harsher sounds from thicker mucus
Absence:
Nonaeration or collapse of lungs
Dyspnea:
shortness of breath
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Sudden acute type of dyspnea
Common in patients with left-sided congestive heart failure
Orthopnea:
occurs when lying down
and usually caused by congestion
Cyanosis
Bluish coloring of skin and mucous membranes
Caused by large amounts of unoxygenated hemoglobin in blood
Friction rub
:
Soft sound produced as rough, inflamed, or scarred pleural move against each other
Clubbed digits:
Result from chronic hypoxia associated with respiratory or cardiovascular diseases