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IMPAIRED MENTAL FUNCTIONING CARE (Nursing management (Encourage patients…
IMPAIRED MENTAL FUNCTIONING CARE
Definition
Refers to the condition where by a person has trouble remembering, learning new things, concentrating or making decisions that affect their everyday life.
Risk factors
Dementia conditions that raise risk for cardiovascular disorders
Family history of alzheimers
Advancing age
Causes
Damage to brain neurons, due to neurodegenerative conditions
Medication side effects
Metabolic and endocrine derangements
Substance abuse or substance withdrawal
Psychiatric illness
Infections
Depression
Symptoms
Memory loss
Vision problems
Difficult planning and carrying out tasks
Not recognizing familiar people and places
Changes in mood or behaviour
Frequently asking same questions or repeating same story over and over
Apathy (losing motivation)
Personality changes
Assessments
Ask about patients concern about memory thinking
Obtain or request information on memory or thinking difficulties from family memebers
Ask about difficulties in managing daily activities
Observe persons gait, balance and co ordination
Do neurological evaluations
Do visual tests
Do mental status testing, brain imaging
Nursing management
Encourage patients to engage with reality
Introduce meaningful therapeutic activities and stimulation encourage optimal functioning
Patient interaction and mutual help re encouraged
Patients should be encouraged to exercise some degree of personal control within the context of their particular disability
Ward staff should be involved with patients and demonstrate attitudes of respect and acceptance in their verbal and non-verbal communication with patients.
Patients should be kept orientated all the times by reminding them date, season, place and their names.
Patients should be nursed in cottbeds with side rail raised all the time to prevent them from falling
Level of security should be improved and make sure sure no one leaves the hospital setting
Buildings with stairs should be avoided to prevent falling of patients
Health education
Social engagement may make life more satisfying, help preserve mental function and slow mental decline
Memory training and other thinking training may help improve function
Diet low in fat and rich in fruit and vegetables helps to protect cognitive health
Encourage regular physical exercise helps to improve cardiovascular system
medical management
Cholinesterase inhibitors are recommended for memory loss
Some supplements including vitamin E helps prevent or delay progression of mild cognitive impairmrnt
Anti-depressants such as fluoxetine may also be given to reduce stress levels
References:
(Mogotlane, 2013) (Smeltzer, 2010)