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Macromolecules (Nucleic Acids (Building blocks (RNA (polynucleotides …
Macromolecules
Nucleic Acids
Building blocks
RNA
polynucleotides
monomers: nucleotides
nitrogen base
Purines
Guanine
Adnenine
Pyrimides
Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine
pentose sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
phosphate group
DNA
Elements
pentose sugars
Deoxyribose (C5H10O4)
Ribose (C5H10O5)
nitrogen bases
Cytosine (C4hHN3O)
thymine (C5H6N2O2)
Guanine (C5H5N5O)
Adnenine (C5H5N5)
Uracil (C4H4N2O2)
functions
Lipids
Building blocks
Phospholipids
hydrophilic head
glycerol
phosphate + any group
hydrophobic tails
fatty acids
Steroids
cholesterol
four fused rings
Fats
fatty acids
unsaturated
saturated
Glycerol
triglycerides
3 fatty acids + 1 gylcerol
Elements
phosphate (PO4)
glycerol (3 carbons each with hydroxyl group)
cholesterol (C27H46O)
fatty acids (16-18 carbons)
Functions
Proteins
building blocks
elements
carboxyl (COOH)
amino (NH2)
functions
transport proteins
delivering substances across the organisms
hormonal proteins
convey signals among cell
storage proteins
store amino acids and mineral ion
receptor proteins
intercelluar communication
structural proteins
maintain the cells shape; support
Contractile and motor proteins
muscular coordination and transportation; moving
enzymatic proteins
selectively speed up a chemical reaction
defensive proteins
antibodies; protection against virus and disease
Carbohydrates