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Chap 3.1 - Civil Disobedience (Simon Commission (Set by the Tory…
Chap 3.1 - Civil Disobedience
Withdrawal of NC Movement
Gandhiji withdrew the NC movement for the following reasons
1.
The movement had turned violent in many places
2.
He felt the satyagrahis should be trained properly for mass struggles
3.
Within the Congress some leaders were tired of mass struggles & wanted to participate in council elections
They felt it was important to oppose British policies through the councils
C R Das & Motilal Nehru
started the
Swaraj party
within the Congress to fight for Council Politics
Younger leaders such as
Jawaharlal Nehru & Subhas Chandra Bose
wanted more
radical mass agitation
for complete independence
Two factors that shaped politics at this time
1.
The
Great Economic Depression
affected India
Agricultural prices collapsed, exports declined
Peasants could not sell their harvest & hence pay revenue
2.
The Tory government in Britain set up the
Simon Commission
Simon Commission
Set by the Tory Government in response to the nation wide NC movement
It was headed by Sir John Simon
The Simon commission was to look into the existing constitution India & suggest changes
But the Commission only had British members & no Indians
When the Simon Commission arrived in India they were greeted with black flags & the slogan " Go Back Simon"
Besides the Congress & the Muslim League, many parties took part in the protests
The Viceroy, Lord Irwin made a vague offer of
"dominion status"
for India in an unspecified future & a
Round Table Conference
to discuss the future Constitution
The radicals within the Congress - Jawaharlal Nehru & Subhas Chandra Bose - decided to agitate for "Purna Swaraj" or full independence in the Lahore Congress
It was decided that
26 January 1930
would be celebrated as
Independence Day
Gandhiji then decided to start the Civil Disobedience movement