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Energy Metabolism:Photosynthesis (Environmental and Internal Factors…
Energy Metabolism:Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
The Stroma Reactions
Conversion of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
Anabolic Metabolism
Anabolism
When molecules get rearranged to build more complex molecules
Glucogenesis
The Light-Dependent Reactions
Electromagnetic radiation spectrum
Includes gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves in addition to visible light
Photons
A set of waves
Pigment
Any material that absorbs wavelengths or light
Greenhouse Effect
Photons absorbed by carbon dioxide molecules causing them to warm earths atmosphere
Global Warming
A rise in temperature over the next century with detrimental consequences
Photosystem II
Works backwards of Photosystem I and produces NADPH effectively and moves electrons through the electron transport chain to produce ATP
Photosystem I
Happens in Thylokoid and Ferredoxin NADP reductase carries electrons
Energy and Reducing Power
Reducing Power
Reduction reaction
Electrons are added to an atom
Oxidized Compounds
Often has great deal of oxygen
Oxidation State
electrons spend a lot of time around oxygen
Reduced Compounds
contains hydrogen
Reducing Power
the ability to force electrons onto compounds
Oxidizing Agents
Oxidize materials they react with
Reducing Agents
can place electrons onto other molecules reducing them effectively
Other Electron Carriers
Plastoquinones
Like cytochromes, transport electrons over short distances within a membrane and pick up two electrons
Plastocyanin
A small protein carries electrons on a metal atom such as copper
Cytochromes
small proteins with cofactor, heme, that holds iron atom
Energy Carriers
Photophosphorlation
Gets energy from sunlight and synthesizes ATP in Chloroplasts
Substrate-level phosphorlation
Energy from Anaerobic reactions, synthesizing ATP in cytosol
Guanosine Triphosphate
Carries high-energy phosphate bonds
Oxidative Phosphorlation
Energy source comes from oxidations with oxygen, synthesizing in Mitochondria
Concepts
Photoautotrophs
Organisms that gather energy directly from light
Heterotrophs
These organisms typically gather energy by taking or consuming organic material
Entropy
Process of universe being disorderly
Environmental and Internal Factors
Water
Water affects photosynthesis greatly
C4 Metabolism
Photorespiration
energy wasting process
C4 metabolism is where carbon dioxide is absorbed and transported and concentrated in a leaf
Leaf Structure
Leaf structure is subjective to its environment
Light
Quality of Light
the light intensity or brightness
Quality of Sunlight
The colors or wavelengths it contains
Duration of Light
the number of hours per day that light is visable
Acid Metabolism
CAM is metabolic process that improves conservation of water while permitting photosynthesis as well
