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Biodiversity Within a Community (General (Biodiversity - the variety of…
Biodiversity Within a Community
General
Biodiversity - the variety of organisms living in an area.
Habitat - a place where an organism lives, e.g. a tree.
Community - all of the populations of different species in a habitat.
Local biodiversity - the variety of different species living in a habitat local to you.
Global biodiversity - the variety of biodiversity on earth.
Species richness - the measure of number of different species in a community.
Conservation Schemes
Biodiversity helps us to provide new foods and medicines.
Conservationists try to find a balance between agriculture and biodiversity.
Giving legal protection to endangered species is a way of increasing biodiversity.
Creating protected areas will also increase the amount of habitats that won't get burnt down, increasing biodiversity.
Impact of agriculture on biodiversity
Woodland clearance is done to increase the area of the farmland, but trees are a habitat so this causes individuals to migrate from the area. Individuals may also die, reducing biodiversity.
Pesticides kill organisms that feed on crops. This means that the pests are killed, reducing diversity. Species that feed on the pests could decrease too, as their food is being killed off.
Hedgerow removal is also done to increase the area of farmland. This reduces diversity for the same reason that cutting down woodland does.
Herbicides are chemicals that kill unwanted plants, which reduces the plant diversity. The species that feed on these plants can also decrease in number as the number of things that they have to feed on decreases.
Mono culture is where farmers have fields containing only one type of plant. This reduces biodiversity directly. Fewer organisms are also supported.
Measuring Biodiversity
d = (N(N - 1)) / (sum of n(n - 1))
d = index of diversity
N = the sum of all organisms of all species
n = the sum of all organisms of one species
sum of = everything added together
The higher the index of diversity, the higher the biodiversity of the community.