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Diversity and Classification (Taxonomy (Taxonomy is the science of…
Diversity and Classification
Courtship Behaviour
Courtship behaviour is carried out by organisms to attract a mate of the same species.
Example of a simple courtship behaviour: releasing a chemical, e.g. male bumblebees produce chemicals to attract female bumblebees to their territory.
Example of a complex courtship behaviour: Dancing, e.g. blue-footed boobies perform a complex dance which involves lifting up their feet to show off their blue colour.
Courtship behaviours are species specific meaning that they can be used to classify species.
The Binomial System
This is the naming system used to name species. It is internationally used so that there are no complications for different species around the world.
The first part of the name is the genus name, and the second part is the species name. The genus name begins with a capital letter, whereas, the species name doesn't begin with a capital letter. The whole name is underlined, if written or in italics, if typed.
The name of humans is:
Homo sapiens
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of classification.
There are eight levels of groups used to classify organisms. These groups are called taxa.
Each group in a level is called a taxon.
Organisms can only be long to one group in the hierarchy meaning that there's no overlap.
The eight levels are, in order: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Genus and Species.
As you move down groups the number of species in each group decreases.
Phylogeny
Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary groups of organisms.
All organisms have evolved from common ancestors, which can be shown on a phylogenetic tree.
A species' most common ancestor is from the branch that it came off of.
The first species on the tree is the most ancient ancestor. Every other species on the tree have this ancestor in common.
The most recent ancestor between two species is a branch that they both follow off of.