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Biology 1 - Cell Structure. (Cells (Bacterial Cells (Bacterial cells have…
Biology 1 - Cell Structure.
Cells
All cells have structures inside them - these are
called sub - cellular structures.
Animal Cell
Contains: Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane
Nucleus - Controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material (DNA).
Ribosomes - Proteins are synthesised (made).
Mitochondria - Aerobic respiration takes place.
Cytoplasm - Most of the chemical reactions take place.
Cell membrane - Controls the passage of substance into and out of the cell.
Plant Cell
Plant cells and algal cells contain all the sub - cellular structures found in animal cells.
Cell Wall - Made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell.
Vacuole - Filled with cell sap, which supports the plant.
Chloroplasts - Absorb light to make food (glucose) by photosynthesis.
Plants need to make their own food, so some of their cells contain chloroplasts.
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacterial Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Plant, Animal and Fungal cells
Bacterial Cells
Bacterial cells have many different shapes - round, rod - shaped and spiral (all prokaryotic cells).
Contain: Cytoplasm, Cell wall, Plasmid DNA, Chromosomal DNA and Flagella.
Cytoplasm - Most of the chemical reactions take place.
Cell wall - Provides structural support to the bacteria (not made up of cellulose).
Flagella - Tail - like structures that rotate to help some bacteria move.
Plasmid DNA - A small, commonly circular, section of DNA that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.
Chromosomal DNA - The DNA of bacteria isn't found within a nucleus and is usually found as 1 long, looped chromosome.