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Properties of Matter (Changes of State are Physical Changes (Matter can…
Properties of Matter
Changes of State are Physical Changes
Liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids.
Evaporation
Process where liquid becomes gas.
Usually occurs at surface of liquid.
Fastest moving particles can break away and become gas molecules.
As temperature increases, energy in liquid increases.
Sublimation: Process where solids become gases.
Happens over wide range of temperatures.
Boiling
Another process where a liquid becomes a gas.
Boiling produces bubbles.
Bubbles contain dissolved air.
Boiling Point: Temperature where a liquid begins to boil.
Happens at only one temperature.
Condensation
Process where gas turns into liquid.
When gas cools, there is a loss of energy.
Happens over wide range of temperatures.
Solids can become liquids, and liquids can become solids.
Freezing
Process where liquid becomes solid.
The temperature at which a specific liquid becomes aa solid is called a freezing point.
Melting
Lowest temperature which a substance begins to melt is called its melting point.
Particles are always in motion.
If particles move fast enough, they break apart.
Process where solid becomes liquid.
Freezing point is same as melting point.
Matter can change from one state to another.
Gas
Neither fixed volume or fixed shape.
Liquid
Fixed volume but takes shape of container.
Solid
Fixed volume and fixed shape.
Substance does not change if state of matter changes.
Matter has Observable Properties
Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances
Chemical Properties and Changes
Chemical Properties: describe how a substance can form a new substance.
Chemical Change: the change of one substance into another substance.
Exm.: Silver tarnishing
Signs of a Chemical Change
Production of an Odor
Creates a new or different smell.
Change in Temperature
Temperature getting higher or lower.
Change in Color
One color to a different color.
Formation of Bubbles
Bubbles.
Formation of a Solid
When two liquids combine, a solid called a precipitate can form.
Physical properties describe a substance
Physical Changes
Change in any physical property of a substance.
Density
Matter in a given volume of a substance.
Mass/Volume=Density
g/cm^3
Physical Properties
Whether observing the property involves changing the substance to a different substance.
Color
Shape
Size
Texture
Volume
Mass
Properties are Used to Identify Substances
Substances have characteristic properties
Identifying Unknown Substances
Use different physical properties (mass, volume, color, etc.)
Properties Used for Identifying Substances
Density
Scientists already calculated density for almost every material.
Heating Properties
Substances respond to different ways.
Important for selecting materials for different uses.
Solubility
Measure of how much of a substance dissolves in a given volume of a liquid.
Electric Properties
Some substances conduct electricity better than others.
This means that they allow electric chargeto move through them easily.
Magnetic Properties
Some objects are attracted to magents, but others are not.
Mixtures can be separated by using the properties of the substances in them.