Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Ch 11: Planning and Organizing (11.2: Features of Planning (1) Primary…
Ch 11: Planning and Organizing
11.1: What is Planning?
11.2: Features of Planning
1) Primary function of Management
2) Goal Oriented
3) Planning is pervasive at all levels
4) Always futurist
5) Intellectural Activity
6) Continuous Process
7) Involves making choices
8) Need to be flexible
11.3: Importance of Planning
1) Reduces uncertainty, risk and confusion
2) Guides in decision making
3) Achieves co-ordination and facilitates control
4) Planning (with flexibility) makes the organization adaptable
5) Planning leads to economy and efficiency in operations
6) Keeps executive alive and alert
11.4: Limitations of Planning
1) Rigidity
2) Probabilistic
3) Expensive and Time Consuming
4) Delay in Action (Analysis-Paralyses)
5) Misdirection
6) False Sense of Security
11.5 Planning Process
1) Establishment of Objectives
2) Making Assumptions about External and Internal Conditions
3) Development of Alternative Course of Action
4) Evaluation of Alternatives
5) Selecting the Appropriate Course of Action
6) Arranging for Implementation
11.6: Types of Plans
1) Establishment of Objectives
2) Making Assumptions about External and Internal Conditions
3) Development of Alternative Course of Action
4) Evaluation of Alternatives
5) Selecting the Appropriate Course of Action
6) Arranging for Implementation
11.7: Organising
11.8: Importance of Organising
11.9: Process of Organising
11.10 Org Structure
1) Functional Structure
2) Divisional Structure
11.11 Formal and Informal Organisation
11.12: Delegation
1) Responsibility
2) Authority
3) Accountability
11.13: Decentralisation