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Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (Concepts (Photosynthesis (Complex…
Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis
Concepts
Entropy
Disorder
Living things must obey physical law
Photoautotrophs
get energy from light
Example: Green Plants, cyanobacteria, and a few bacteria capable of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Complex process
Carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates
Converts light energy to chemical energy
Sunlight
Maintains/increases orderliness in two ways
Indirectly
Respiration of organic compounds
either by organism or eating another organism
Directly
process of photosyntesis
Produces complex organic compounds
Heterotrophs
take in organic molecules
obtain their energy
Photosynthesis
Thylakiod reations
aka light dependent
creates intermediate ATP and NADPH
Photostem 1
Red light absorbed
energy exits on electron of P700
Photostem 2
Oxidized state
Orbital are rearranged
Breakdown/destruction of molecules
Synthesis of ATP
Production of ATP and NADPH
Will be used for stroma
Stroma Reactions
ATP and NADPH interact with CO2 and produce carbohydrates
Conversion of CO2 to carbohydrate
Done in stroma
Builds everything a plant could need
Example: sugar, fats, amino acids, nucleic acids
uses light energy to synthesis something
CO2 w/water to form carbohydrates
Anabolic metabolism
Lg. molecules rearranged to fit in cytoplasm
Builds larger/more complex molecule
Anabolic pathways storage forms
Intermediate term
Glucose/Sucrose moves cell to cell
last weeks/months
Long term
Starch
Last for years
Short term
ATP and NADPH used in cell
Last shortly
Energy and Reducing Power
Energy Carriers
energy enters through photosynthesis
ATP
important part of energy
3 ways to phosphorylate ADP to ATP
Substrate-Level phosphorylation
Compounds w/high energy phosphate group forces their phosphate on ADP
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Last phase
Photophosphorylation
Involves light energy
In chloroplast
Energized pigment enters into two chemical reactions
Two ways to transport energy from pigment into endergonic reactions.
Allow to make 1 or more smaller pigments
smaller, less energy, controlable
Allow them to enter everything.
Problems: to large, to energized, hard to control
Reducing power
Other electron Carriers
Cytochromes
sm protein contains cofactor, heme, and holds iron atom
Integral part of thylakiod
Plastoquinones
Transport electrons short distances in membrane
Plastocyanin
sm protein that carry electron on metal atom
Chloroplast membrane
Vocab
Oxidized
Atom doesn't have max electrons
Reduced
Electrons added to atom
Environmental and Internal Factors
Water
Day time
Stroma open to collect CO2
Bad for water conservation
Night time
stroma closed to save water
Leaf Structure
Palisade parenchyma above
Good for CO2 absorption. Bad for water conservation
Spongy mesophyle below
C4 Metabolism
CO2 absorbed, transported, & concentrations in a leaf
Light
3 view points
Quantity
light intensity/brightness
Quality
color/wavelength
Duration
of hrs/day of sunlight
Crossulacean Acid Metabolism
second metabolic adaption
Improves conservation of water
Promotes photosynthesis
Figure 10-1 from text book
Figure 10-6 from text book
Figure 10-15 from text book
